Steel 10G2S1 / Auremo

Steel 03KhGYu Steel 05G1B Steel 06G2AF Steel 06G2MFB Steel 06G2FR Steel 06KHGSYu Steel 07GBYU Steel 07GFB (07GFB-U) Steel 08G1NFB Steel 08G2MF (08G2MFA) Steel 08G2S Steel 08G2SFB S hoist 08G2T (08G2T-U) Steel 08G2FBT Steel 08GBYU Steel 08GBYUTR Steel 09G2 Steel 09G2D Steel 09G2S (09G2SA) Steel 09G2SD Steel 09G2FB (09G2BT) Steel 09GBYU Steel 09GNFB Steel 09GSNBTS Steel 09KHGN2AB Steel 10G2B Steel 10G2BD Steel 10G2BTYu Steel 10G2S1 Steel 10G2S1D Steel 10G2SB Steel 10G2SFB Steel 10G2T Steel 10G2FB Steel 10G2FBU Steel 10GNB Steel 10GS2 Steel 10GT Steel 10KhGSN1D (SHL- 45) Steel 10KhDP Steel 10KhN1M (VK-1A) Steel 10KhNDM Steel 10KhNDP Steel 10KhSND (SHL-4) Steel 12G (12GA) Steel 12G2AF Steel 12G2B Steel 12G2S Steel 12G2SB Steel 12G2SMF Steel 12G2SMFA Yu Steel 12GN2MFAYU Steel 12GNDYu Steel 12GS (Sv-12GS) Steel 12GSB Steel 12GF Steel 12KhGDAF Steel 12HSND Steel 13G1S (13G1S-U) Steel 13G1SB (13G1SB-U) Steel 13G2AF Steel 13GDF Steel 13GS (13GS-U) Steel 13GF (13GFA) Steel 14G2 Steel 1 4G2AF Steel 14G2AFD Steel 14GS Steel 14GF Steel 14KhGMDC Steel 14KhGS Steel 15G2AFD (15G2AFDps) Steel 15G2SF Steel 15G2SFD Steel 15G2FBU Steel 15GS Steel 15GF Steel 15GFD Steel 15KhDP Steel 15KhSND Steel 16G (16GA) Steel 16G2AF Steel 16G2AF D Steel 16G2SF (16G2SAF) Steel 16GD Steel 16GMYuch Steel 16GS Steel 16GFB Steel 16D Steel 17G1S ( 17G1S-U) Steel 17GS Steel 18G2AF (18G2AFps) Steel 18G2AFD (18G2AFDps) Steel 18G2S Steel 18YUT (Ch-33) Steel 19YuFT (Ch37) Steel 1Kh2M1 Steel 20G2S Steel 20GS Steel 20GS2 Steel 20 GSF (20GSFL) Steel 20Kh2G2SR Steel 20KhG2Ts Steel 20KhGS2 Steel 22G2 Steel 22GYU Steel 22S Steel 22KH2G2AYU Steel 22KH2G2R Steel 23KH2G2T Steel 25G2S Steel 25GS Steel 25S2R Steel 27GS Steel 28G2S1D Steel 28G2SFB (28G2SFBD) Steel 28S Steel 30ХS2 S tal 32G2Rps Steel 35GS Steel 45KhGMA Steel 80S Steel SVS-690 (Severstal-690) Steel X56

Description

Steel 10G2S1 is used : for the manufacture of various parts and elements of welded metal structures operating at temperatures from -70 ° C; devices, vessels and parts of steam boilers operating at temperatures from -70 °C to +475 °C under pressure; production of welded transitions, flanges, welded tees and other shaped parts of NPP pipelines with operating temperatures from -60 °C to +350 °C; parts of hydrogenerators.

Note

Low-alloy silicon-manganese steel. Degree of deoxidation - Sp. Steel 10G2S1 provides strength classes for long, strip and shaped rolled products KP 295 with a thickness from 32 to 100 mm, KP 325 with a thickness from 10 to 60 mm, KP 345 with a thickness of up to 10 mm. Steel 10G2S1 provides the strength class of sheets, wide-band universal rolled products and bent profiles KP 295 with a thickness of rolled products from 32 to 100 mm, KP 315 with a thickness of 20 to 60 mm, KP 325 with a thickness of 10 to 20 mm, KP 345 with thickness up to 10 mm., KP 355 with thickness up to 5 mm. without the use of additional strengthening treatment. When using quenching and tempering, rolled products with a cross section of up to 32 mm are supplied. strength class KP 390.

Steel 10G2 structural alloy

Decoding

According to GOST 4543-71, the number 10 in the designation of steel indicates the average mass fraction of carbon in steel in hundredths of a percent, i.e. carbon in steel 10G2 is about 0.10%
The letter G indicates that the steel contains manganese (Mn), the number 2 behind the letter indicates that the steel contains approximately 2% manganese.

Substitute

Steel 09G2.

Steel analogues

10G2 (Bulgaria)	BDS 6354
12Mn6 (Germany)	DIN 17145
12Mn (China)	GB 1591-88
12Mn2A (China)	GB 5067-85
150M12 (UK)	BS 2772 Part 2 (89)
1513 (US)	SAE J 403, AISI
CE 11 Mn (Euronorm)	EN 133-79
S10Mn15 (Romania)	STAS 1126
Z3 (Yugoslavia)	JUS C.H3. 052
EI 738 (CIS)	THAT

Type of delivery

long products, including shaped steel: GOST 4543-71, GOST 2590-88, GOST 2591-88, GOST 2879-88.
Calibrated rod GOST 4543-71, GOST 7417-75, GOST 8559-75, GOST 8560-78.
Polished rod and silver steel GOST 4543-71, GOST 14955-77.
Thick sheet GOST 19903-74, GOST 1577-93.
Strip GOST 4543-71, GOST 103-76. GOST 82-70.
Forgings and forged blanks GOST 4543-71, GOST 8479-70, GOST 1133-71.
Pipes GOST 8731-74, GOST 8732-78, GOST 8733-74, GOST 8734-75, GOST 550-75, GOST 21729-76.

Characteristics and application [1]

Manganese case-hardened steel grade 10G2 with high ductility is used for the manufacture of various mechanical engineering parts from pipes, sheets, rolled products and forgings, as well as parts and elements of welded structures in the delivered state or after normalization.

Steel deforms well in cold and hot states and has excellent weldability; prone to temper brittleness.

Steel 10G2 is used for the manufacture of:

Patrubkov,
coils,
tube bundles,
fasteners,
flanges,
tube sheets,
fittings,
other parts operating at temperatures up to -70°C under pressure in the oil refining industry, as well as welded (less than 4 mm thick) and stamped parts.

Temperature of critical points, °C [1]

Ac1	Ac3	Ar3	Ar1
720	830	710	620

Chemical composition, % (GOST 4543-71)

C	Mn	Si	P	S	Cu	Ni	Cr
C	Mn	Si	no more
0,07-0,15	0,17-0,37	1,2-1,6	0,035	0,035	0,30	0,30	0,30

Conditions for using 10G2 steel for bodies, covers, flanges, membranes and valve assembly made from rolled products, forgings (stampings) (GOST 33260-2015)

Material		ND for supply	Temperature of the working medium (wall), °C	Additional instructions for use
Name	Brand
Alloy structural steel	10G2 GOST 4543	Forgings GOST 8479	-70 to 475	For welded fittings operated in a macroclimatic region with a cold climate, with mandatory impact bending testing at temperatures below minus 50°C to minus 70°C, with KCU ≥ 300 kJ/m2 (3.0 kgfm/cm2) or KCV ≥ 250 kJ/m2 (2.5 kgfm/cm2)
		Long products GOST 4543
		Pipes GOST 550 gr.A and B, GOST 8733 gr.V, GOST 8731 gr.V		For GOST 550 pipes, additional testing at temperatures below minus 50°C to minus 70°C with a wall thickness of more than 12 mm, with KCU ≥ 300 kJ/m2 (3.0 kgfm/cm2) or KCV ≥ 250 kJ/m2 (2.5 kgfm/cm2)

Conditions for using 10G2 steel for reinforcement fasteners (GOST 33260-2015)

Material grade	Material standard or specification	Application options
		Bolts, studs, screws		Nuts		Flat washers
		Ambient temperature, °C	Nominal pressure Pn, MPa (kgf/cm2)	Ambient temperature, °C	Nominal pressure Pn, MPa (kgf/cm2)	Ambient temperature, °C	Nominal pressure Pn, MPa (kgf/cm2)
10G2	GOST 4543	-70 to 425	20 (200)	-70 to 425	20 (200)	-70 to 425	Not regulated

Maximum permissible temperatures for the use of 10G2 steel in environments containing ammonia (GOST 33260-2015)

steel grade	Temperature of application of steels, °C at partial pressure of ammonia, MPa (kgf/cm2)
steel grade	St. 1(10) to 2(20)	St. 2(20) to 5(50)	St. 5(50) to 8(80)
10G2	300	300	300

NOTE. Application conditions are established for a nitrogen layer corrosion rate of no more than 0.5 mm/year.

Maximum permissible temperature for the use of steels in hydrogen-containing environments (GOST 33260-2015)

steel grade	Temperature, °C, at partial pressure of hydrogen, PH2, MPa (kgf/cm2)
steel grade	1,5(15)	2,5(25)	5(50)	10(100)	20(200)	30(300)	40(400)
10G2	290	280	260	230	210	200	190

NOTE:

The parameters for using 10G2 steel indicated in the table also apply to welded joints.
The partial pressure of hydrogen is calculated by the formula: PH2 = (C*Pp)/100, where C is the percentage of H2 in the system; PH2—partial pressure of H2; Pp—working pressure in the system.B.

Mechanical properties of heat-treated case-hardened alloy steel 10G2 [2]

steel grade

3hardening

Vacation

Properties according to GOST 4543-71

temperature, °C

cooling medium

temperature, °C

cooling medium

1st 3quenching or normalization

2nd 3hardening

σТ, kgf/mm2

σв, kgf/mm2

δ5, %

ψ, %

no less

10G2

900

780-800

Air

180

Air

σТ—yield strength (physical), kgf/mm2
σв — tensile strength (temporary tensile strength), kgf/mm2
σ-1—bending endurance limit with a symmetrical loading cycle, kgf/mm2
aH—impact strength, kgf*m/cm2

Influence of test temperature on the mechanical properties of alloy case-hardened steel 10G2 [2]

steel grade	Heat treatment mode	Test temperature, °C	σТ kgf/mm2	σв kgf/mm2	δ5, %	ψ, %	aH, kgf*m/cm2
10G2	Normalization at 900 °C	20	28	47	31	—	—
		400	23	40	27	—	—
		450	20	36	30	—	—
		500	18	30	—	—	—
		600	12	16	36	—	—

The influence of tempering temperature on the mechanical properties of alloy case-hardening steel 10G2 [2]

steel grade	Thermal steel processing mode	Temperature, °C	σТ kgf/mm2	σв kgf/mm2	δ5, %	ψ, %	aH, kgf*m/cm2	Hardness HB (HRC)
10G2	Quenching from 820°C in water	300	—	113	4	50	—	300
		400	96	100	5	52	—	266
		500	83	87	9	55	—	230
		600	66	71	12	63	—	206
		700	44	60	20	61	—	164
	Quenching from 850°C in water	300	—	95	7	52	—	295
		400	88	92	6	55	—	282
		500	84	82	11	60	—	215
		600	61	68	11	60	—	215
		700	42	60	22	69	—	170
	Quenching from 880°C in water	300	113	115	4	53	—	314
		400	97	101	6	56	—	252
		500	81	87	13	58	—	246
		600	67	73	—	63	—	193
		700	44	59	22	69	—	170
	Quenching from 820°C in water	300	77	88	4	59	—	217
		400	57	74	5	61	—	200
		500	69	76	10	59	—	186
		600	58	66	12	63	—	170
		700	41	56	20	68	—	160
	Quenching from 850°C in water	300	85	91	5	51	—	292
		400	81	83	7	61	—	252
		500	67	77	14	59	—	230
		600	62	69	19	62	—	183
		700	43	55	22	72	—	162
	Quenching from 880°C in water	300	93	100	6	54	—	229
		400	92	95	8	56	—	229
		500	76	82	11	62	—	200
		600	61	71	20	68	—	180
		700	43	58	22	65	—	167

The influence of heat treatment on the endurance limit of alloy case-hardening steel 10G2 [2]

steel grade	Heat treatment mode	σ-1kgf/mm2	σvkgs/mm2
10G2	Normalization at 880°C	29	60

Mechanical properties

GOST	Delivery status	Section, mm	KP	σ0.2, MPa	σв, MPa	δ5, %	ψ, %	KCU, J/cm2	Hardness NV, no more
GOST	Delivery status	Section, mm	KP	no less					Hardness NV, no more
GOST 4543-71	Bar. Normalization at 920 °C	25	—	245	420	22	50	—	—
GOST 3479-70	Forging. Normalization	Up to 100	215	215	430	24	53	54	123-167
		100-300			430	20	48	49
		300-500			430	18	40	44
GOST 8731-74	Seamless hot-deformed, heat-treated pipe	—	—	265	470	21	—	—	197
GOST 8733-74	Seamless cold- and heat-deformed heat-treated pipe	—	—	245	420	22	—	—	197

Mechanical properties at elevated temperatures [2]

tsp, °С	σ0.2, MPa	σв, MPa	δ, %
20	265	460	31
400	225	390	27
500	175	295	—
600	115	160	36

NOTE. Normalization at 900 °C, cool. on air.

Impact strength KCU [3]

Heat treatment	KCU, J/cm2, at temperature, °C
Heat treatment	+20	-40	-70
Sheet 10 mm thick:
in delivery condition	86-98	70-88	41-50
annealing at 900 °C	280	153	117
normalization at 900 °C	364	276	185
hardening from 900 °C; tempering at 500°C	321	304	211

NOTE. σ4251/10000 = 137 MPa; σ4851/10000 = 69 MPa; σ5501/10000 = 26 MPa.

Mechanical properties depending on tempering temperature

ttp, °С	σ0.2, MPa	σв, MPa	δ5, %	ψ, %	KCU, J/cm2	Hardness HB
200	780	930	13	40	59	350
300	680	850	14	50	20	330
400	590	760	18	59	98	240
500	580	680	21	65	127	200
600	570	660	23	65	186	170

NOTE. Quenching in water.

Endurance Limit [1]

σв, MPa, steel after normalization at 880 °C	σ-1, MPa,
530	221
590	289

Technological properties [4]

Forging temperature, °C: beginning 1250, end 800-780. Workpieces with a cross-section of up to 100 mm are cooled in air.
Weldability - weldable without restrictions. Welding methods: RDS, ADS under submerged arc and gas shield, ESW.
Tendency to temper brittleness - not prone.
Flock sensitivity - not sensitive.

Density ρп kg/cm3 at test temperature, °С

Steel	20°C
10G2	7790

Linear expansion coefficient α*106, K-1

steel grade	α*106, K-1 at test temperature, °C
steel grade	20-100	20-400
10G2	11,3	14,7

Thermal conductivity coefficient λ W/(m*K)

Steel grade	λ W/(m*K), at test temperature, °C
Steel grade	200	300	400
10G2	38	37	36

Young's modulus (normal elasticity) E, GPa

Steel grade	At test temperature, °C
Steel grade	20
10G2	204

Bibliography

Materials in mechanical engineering. T.2. Structural steel: Handbook. Ed. I.V. Kudryavtsev, E.P. Mogilevsky - 1967
Tylkin M.A. Thermist Repair Service Handbook - 1981.
Gudkov S.I. Mechanical properties of steel at low temperatures: Directory.-M.: Metallurgy - 1967.
Brand of steels and alloys / Ed. V.G. Sorokina - M.: Mechanical Engineering - 1989

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Standards

Name	Code	Standards
Classification, nomenclature and general norms	IN 20	GOST 19281-89
Steel pipes and connecting parts for them	B62	GOST 20295-85, GOST 24950-81, STO 79814898 105-2008
Sheets and strips	B23	GOST 82-70, GOST 5520-79, GOST 17066-94, GOST 19903-74, GOST 19904-90, GOST 19282-73, GOST 19903-90, TU 14-1-4632-93
Long and shaped rolled products	B22	GOST 8239-89, GOST 8240-97, GOST 8278-83, GOST 8281-80, GOST 8282-83, GOST 8283-93, GOST 8509-93, GOST 8510-86, GOST 9234-74, GOST 11474-76, GOST 2590-2006, GOST 2591-2006, OST 5.9087-84
Welding and cutting of metals. Soldering, riveting	B05	OST 36-58-81
Long and shaped rolled products	B32	TU 14-1-1271-75, TU 14-136-367-2008
Sheets and strips	B33	TU 14-105-471-86, TU 14-1-5241-93, TU 14-1-4431-88

Chemical composition

Standard

GOST 5520-79

≤0.12

≤0.04

≤0.035

1.3-1.65

≤0.3

0.8-1.1

≤0.3

Remainder

≤0.3

≤0.008

≤0.08

≤0.03

—

≤0.03

—

GOST 19281-89

≤0.12

≤0.04

≤0.035

1.3-1.65

≤0.3

0.8-1.1

≤0.3

Remainder

≤0.3

≤0.008

≤0.08

≤0.05

—

≤0.03

—

GOST 17066-94

≤0.12

≤0.04

≤0.035

1.3-1.6

≤0.3

0.8-0.9

≤0.3

Remainder

≤0.3

≤0.008

≤0.08

≤0.03

≤0.1

≤0.03

≤0.02

Fe is the basis. According to GOST 17066-94, the mass fraction of arsenic is allowed up to 0.015%, while the mass fraction of phosphorus should be no more than 0.030%. According to GOST 19282-73, it is allowed to modify steel with calcium and rare earth elements based on the introduction of no more than 0.02% calcium and 0.05% rare earth elements into the metal. According to GOST 19281-89 and GOST 19282-73, the addition of aluminum and titanium is allowed in order to obtain a mass fraction in rolled aluminum of no more than 0.050%, titanium - no more than 0.030%. According to GOST 5520-79, when smelting steel from Kerch ores, the mass fraction of arsenic is allowed up to 0.15%, while the mass fraction of phosphorus should be no more than 0.030%. At the request of the consumer, the mass fraction of sulfur should not exceed 0.025, 0.030 or 0.035%, and phosphorus 0.030 or 0.035%. When melting steel in electric furnaces, the mass fraction of nitrogen should be ≤ 0.012%.

Physical properties of steel 10

Temperature	E 10- 5	a 10 6	l	r	C	R 10 9
0C	MPa	1/Grad	W/(m deg)	kg/m3	J/(kg deg)	Ohm m
20	2.1	7856	140
100	2.03	12.4	57	7832	494	190
200	1.99	13.2	53	7800	532	263
300	1.9	13.9	49.6	7765	565	352
400	1.82	14.5	45	7730	611	458
500	1.72	14.85	39.9	7692	682	584
600	1.6	15.1	35.7	7653	770	734
700	15.2	32	7613	857	905
800	12.5	29	7582	875	1081
900	14.8	27	7594	795	1130
1000	12.6	666
1100	14.4	668

At a temperature of +20 0C, the density of steel is 7856 kg/m3

Mechanical characteristics

Section, mm	sТ\|s0.2, MPa	σB, MPa	d5, %	d4	y, %	kJ/m2, kJ/m2
Hot rolled sheet as delivered
2-3.9	—	≥490	—	≥17	—	—
4-7	≥380	≥520	≥22	—	—	—
8-32	≥350	≥500	≥22	—	—	≥587
Sections and shaped rolled products made of high-strength steel as delivered in accordance with GOST 19281-89 (strength class indicated)
32-100	≥295	≥430	≥21	—	—	—
10-60	≥325	≥450	≥21	—	—	—
≤10	≥345	≥480	≥21	—	—	—
The sheet is in delivery condition according to TU 14-1-5241-93. Quenching + Tempering (transverse samples)
10-50	≥325	≥450	≥21	—	—	—
Rolled thick sheet and broadband universal, in delivery condition GOST 19282-73 and Sheet 2-18, 19-22 categories, heat-treated, in delivery condition GOST 5520-79
≤5	≥355	≥490	≥21	—	—	—
Sheets 16 mm thick. Normalization (cross-sectional samples)
—	≥380	≥520	≥26	—	≥70	—
The sheet is in delivery condition according to TU 14-1-5241-93. Quenching + Tempering (transverse samples)
8-10	≥345	≥490	≥21	—	—	—
Rolled thick sheet and broadband universal, in delivery condition GOST 19282-73 and Sheet 2-18, 19-22 categories, heat-treated, in delivery condition GOST 5520-79
10-20	≥335	≥480	≥21	—	—	—
Sheets 16 mm thick. Normalization (cross-sectional samples)
—	≥350	≥475	≥25	—	≥65	—
Rolled thick sheet and broadband universal, in delivery condition GOST 19282-73 and Sheet 2-18, 19-22 categories, heat-treated, in delivery condition GOST 5520-79
20-32	≥325	≥470	≥21	—	—	—
Sheets 16 mm thick. Normalization (cross-sectional samples)
—	≥335	≥470	≥19	—	≥57	—
Rolled thick sheet and broadband universal, in delivery condition GOST 19282-73 and Sheet 2-18, 19-22 categories, heat-treated, in delivery condition GOST 5520-79
32-60	≥325	≥450	≥21	—	—	—
Sheets 16 mm thick. Normalization (cross-sectional samples)
—	≥260	≥510	≥19	—	≥60	—
Rolled thick sheet and broadband universal, in delivery condition GOST 19282-73 and Sheet 2-18, 19-22 categories, heat-treated, in delivery condition GOST 5520-79
5-10	≥345	≥490	≥21	—	—	—
Rolled sheets 32 mm thick (transverse samples)
—	≥335	≥485	≥35	—	≥75	—
Rolled thick sheet and broadband universal rolled metal in delivery condition GOST 19282-73. Quenching + Tempering
10-40	≥390	≥530	≥19	—	—	—
Rolled thick sheet and broadband universal, in delivery condition GOST 19282-73 and Sheet 2-18, 19-22 categories, heat-treated, in delivery condition GOST 5520-79
60-100	≥295	≥430	≥21	—	—	—
Rolled sheets 32 mm thick (transverse samples)
—	≥305	—	≥33	—	≥74	—
Thin sheets of high strength steel in delivery condition GOST 17066-94
0.5-3.9	≥345	≥490	—	≥19	—	—
Rolled sheets 32 mm thick (transverse samples)
—	≥300	≥460	—	—	≥70	—
Thin sheets of high strength steel in delivery condition GOST 17066-94
0.5-3.9	≥345	≥460	—	≥19	—	—
Rolled sheets 32 mm thick (transverse samples)
—	≥250	—	—	—	≥69	—
—	≥185	≥405	≥30	—	—	—

Mechanical properties steel 10

GOST	Type of delivery, heat treatment mode	σв(MPa)	δ5 (%)	ψ %	NV, no more
1050-88	Hot-rolled steel, forged calibrated steel and silver steel of the 2nd category after normalization	335	31	55
10702-78	Steel calibrated and calibrated with special finishing:
after annealing or tempering	335-450	55	143
after spherodizing holiday	315-410	55	143
cold-worked without heat treatment	390	8	50	187
1577-93	Normalized or hot rolled strips	335	8	55
16523-70	Hot rolled sheet (transverse samples)	295-410	24
Cold rolled sheet (transverse samples)	295-410	25
4041-71	Heat-treated sheet of category 1-2	295-420	32	117
8731-87	Hot-deformed, heat-treated pipes	355	24	137
8733-87	Cold- and heat-deformed heat-treated pipes	345	24	137
Cementation 920-950 °C. Quenching 790-810 °C, water. Vacation 180-200 °C, air.	390	25	55	hearts 137 surface 57-63

Description of mechanical symbols

Name	Description
Section	Section
sT\|s0.2	Yield strength or proportional limit with tolerance for permanent deformation - 0.2%
σB	Short-term strength limit
d5	Elongation after break
d4	Elongation after break
y	Relative narrowing
kJ/m2	Impact strength

Mechanical properties of steel 10 at elevated temperatures

Test temperature, °C	σ0.2 (MPa)	σв(MPa)	δ5 (%)	ψ %	KCU (kJ/m2)
normalization 900-920 °C
20	260	420	32	69	221
200	220	485	20	55	176
300	175	515	23	55	142
400	170	355	24	70	98
500	160	255	19	63	78

The study of relaxation resistance by the free bending method showed that samples subjected to MMTO have lower relaxation resistance at 150°C than in the initial state (after annealing). Additional annealing of samples after MMTO at 300-500°C allows for a sharp increase in the relaxation resistance of steels 10 and 35. The stress drop in samples over 3000 hours after additional annealing at 400°C for steel 10 and at 500°C for steel 35 decreases by 10- 30 times in comparison with samples after MMTO without additional annealing. In this case, the maximum relaxation resistance was obtained at slightly higher temperatures of additional annealing after MMHT than the maximum values of the elastic limit.

The experimental data obtained suggest that the low relaxation resistance of the samples after MMTT is associated with insufficient stability of the fine structure of the metal. Additional pre-recrystallization annealing after MMTO makes it possible to more fully stabilize the structure and, thus, sharply increase the metal’s resistance to microplastic deformations under short-term and long-term loading.