CNC machine operator - who is he and what does he do?

Numerically controlled machines are widely used in all areas of production from mechanical engineering to woodworking. For example, if you take any modern car, then more than half of the parts in it (gearboxes, cardan and crankshafts, etc.) will be turned on CNC milling and lathe machines. Metal processing is the most common area for this type of machine.

Modern CNC machines can carry out a complex processing cycle, spending half as much time and reducing production costs by an order of magnitude.

However, only highly qualified specialists who are well versed in electronics can operate such units.

The essence of the responsibilities of a CNC machine operator

A computer-controlled machine is a kind of hybrid of a computer and a milling, lathe, or carpentry machine. There are also models that carry out the entire complex of turning complex volumetric parts, alternating several different operations.

In general terms, how a CNC machine works: a workpiece is placed inside a closed chamber or on a table, which is processed by the tool. Its positioning is specified by a special program. In this case, a person does not participate in the process; automation does everything for him.

The product is manufactured according to a pre-written algorithm, which is written in the program code of the computer of the CNC machine (on the hard disk, magnetic tape, punched cards, etc.).

The operator of computer-controlled machines, as mentioned above, does not need to manually grind the part. Its work comes down to several functions:

monitor the proper operation of the machine;
enter the necessary commands from the control panel;
placing the workpiece in the chamber, removing the finished part;
pre-adjustment, adjustment of individual components and connections of the machine.

Experienced specialists also have the right to manage groups of machines, as well as supervise the work of subordinates. At the same time, highly qualified operators can service universal machines that carry out several technological operations per cycle.

Also, qualified workers help CNC machine tool adjusters in setting up equipment and drawing up processing programs. Often the operator combines these two positions.

An experienced specialist can service several CNC machines at a time, ensuring the continuity of the production cycle. This requires great care and skill, as well as the ability to correctly calculate processing time.

JOB DESCRIPTION

operator of computer-controlled machines (5th category)

1. General Provisions

1.1. This job description defines the functional, job responsibilities, rights and responsibilities of the operator of computer-controlled machines (5th category) of the Trial Technologies division (hereinafter referred to as Operator of computer-controlled machines (5th category)) of the Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Professional Education "National Research Nuclear University" "MEPhI" (NRNU MEPhI) (hereinafter referred to as the Institution).

1.2. A person who meets the following education and training requirements is appointed to the position of program-controlled machine operator (5th category):

Secondary vocational education - training programs for skilled workers;

Special conditions for permission to work as an operator of computer-controlled machines (5th category):

The employee undergoes training/instruction on the technical characteristics and numerical control system (CNC) of the assigned equipment;

Availability of qualification group I in electrical safety;

Passing mandatory preliminary (upon employment) and periodic medical examinations (examinations), as well as extraordinary medical examinations (examinations) in the manner established by the legislation of the Russian Federation;

1.3. An operator of computer-controlled machines (5th category) must know:

Reference materials on the purpose of cutting modes;

Time standards for setting up a machine;

Purpose and principle of operation of controls, mechanical, hydraulic, electrical devices of the machine;

Materials science and fundamentals of metal technology;

Properties of processed materials;

Technical characteristics of the machine;

Basics of electrical engineering, electronics, hydraulics and programming within the scope of the work performed;

Methods and rules for setting up mechanical and electromechanical devices of the machine;

Time standards for processing a part;

Design of measuring machines for tool setting;

Methods for setting a tool to size outside the machine;

Occupational safety requirements;

Basics of programming CNC machines;

Operation manual and design of the machine control system;

Structure, format and basic commands of the control program;

Properties of the cutting tool used (durability, sharpening geometry);

Basics of electrical engineering, electronics, hydraulics and programming within the scope of the work performed;

Rules for the use of cutting fluid;

Operation manual and design of the machine control system;

Technical characteristics of the machine;

Methods for setting a tool to size outside the machine;

Time standards for setting up a machine;

Design of measuring machines for tool setting;

Occupational safety requirements;

Fundamentals of cutting theory;

Basics of programming CNC machines;

Methods and rules for setting up mechanical and electromechanical devices of the machine;

Purpose and principle of operation of controls, mechanical, hydraulic, electrical devices of the machine;

Occupational safety requirements;

Design and technological features (parameters and characteristics of the working area) of the machine;

Methods and rules for setting up mechanical and electromechanical devices of the machine;

Technical characteristics of the machine;

Causes of possible emergency situations and ways to prevent them;

Classification and rules for using cutting tools;

Methods for editing a control program on the machine control system console, input/output of control programs;

Design of measuring machines for tool setting;

Methods for setting a tool to size outside the machine;

Methods of basing and methods of securing processed workpieces;

Purpose and principle of operation of controls, mechanical, hydraulic, electrical devices of the machine;

Design and rules for using universal and special devices, control and measuring instruments;

The main reasons for the processing errors of parts;

Typical malfunctions in the operation of devices and tools and methods for eliminating them;

Basics of programming CNC machines;

Basics of electrical engineering, electronics, hydraulics and programming within the scope of the work performed;

Operation manual and design of the machine control system;

Time standards for setting up a machine;

The purpose and principle of operation of the machine controls, its mechanical, hydraulic and electrical devices;

Design and rules for using universal and special devices, control and measuring instruments;

Basics of programming CNC machines;

Methods for setting a tool to size outside the machine;

Methods and rules for setting up mechanical and electromechanical devices of the machine;

Design of measuring machines for tool setting;

Typical malfunctions in the operation of devices and tools and methods for eliminating them;

Methods of basing and methods of securing processed workpieces;

Classification and rules for using cutting tools;

Operation manual and design of the machine control system;

Technical characteristics of the machine;

Occupational safety requirements;

Time standards for setting up a machine;

Basics of electrical engineering, electronics, hydraulics and programming within the scope of the work performed;

Methods and rules for setting up mechanical, hydraulic and electrical devices of the machine;

Basics of electrical engineering, electronics, hydraulics and programming within the scope of the work performed;

Methods for setting a tool to size outside the machine;

The purpose and principle of operation of the machine controls, its mechanical, hydraulic and electrical devices;

Time standards for setting up a machine;

Occupational safety requirements;

Design of measuring machines for tool setting;

Operation manual and design of the machine control system;

Fundamentals of the Unified System of Design Documentation and the Unified System of Technological Documentation;

Basics of programming CNC machines;

Technical characteristics of the machine;

1.4. An operator of computer-controlled machines (5th category) must be able to:

Sharpen and finish cutting tools in accordance with the requirements of the technological process;

Make changes to cutting modes in the control program from the control panel;

To clarify the modes of favorable implementation of the cutting process based on the absence of vibrations and the nature of chip flow;

Assess the load on machine components based on readings from display devices;

Determine deviations in size, shape, location and surface roughness of the part, their compliance with design and technological documentation;

Identify inconsistencies in geometric and technological parameters and control program commands in the part processing mode;

Identify discrepancies in the quality of cutting tools and clamping devices based on the results of testing a test part;

Determine malfunctions of the machine, its mechanical, hydraulic and electrical devices according to the readings of the control system instruments in the mode of processing the part according to the control program;

Identify errors in the calculation of the control program using processing visualizers built into the equipment;

Determine equipment malfunctions based on readings from machine display devices and diagnostic cards;

Control the operation of the machine in the modes of frame-by-frame and accelerated execution of the control program;

Identify malfunctions of the machine and its devices at idle speed;

Determine the condition of tools and devices by external inspection;

Use instrumentation and tools to determine the position of the workpiece;

Determine the relative position of the workpiece and the tool using the test touch method;

Adjust the tool to size outside the machine using mechanical, optical and electronic devices;

Use fastening devices;

Assemble and disassemble prefabricated cutting tools with mechanical fastening of cutting plates;

Use the tool measuring system built into the machine;

Adjust the tool outside the machine;

Use instrumentation and instruments;

Analyze design and technological documentation for manufactured parts;

Use personal protective equipment;

Analyze the control program;

Control the operation of the machine manually;

Determine the condition of the machine and its devices by external inspection;

1.5. An operator of computer-controlled machines (5th category) is appointed to the position and dismissed by order of the Vice-Rector of the Institution in accordance with the current legislation of the Russian Federation.

1.6. The operator of computer-controlled machines (5th category) reports to the vice-rector of the Institution and the head of the Trial Technologies department

2. Labor functions

2.1. Adjustment of cutting conditions based on the results of manufacturing test parts.

2.2. Production of test parts according to 8-14 qualifications and submitting them to the technical control department.

2.3. Detection of malfunctions in the operation of machine devices and devices at idle speed.

2.4. Installation of workpieces, cutting tools and accessories according to technological documentation.

2.5. Setting up and adjusting simple components and mechanisms of normal precision machine tools to perform one technological operation.

3. Job responsibilities

3.1. Preparation of proposals for changing cutting modes and transferring them to the control program developer.

3.2. Clarification of cutting modes and making appropriate changes to the control program from the console of the machine control system.

3.3. Adjustment, sharpening and finishing of cutting tools.

3.4. Instructing the operator of computer-controlled machines and handing over the established system to the operator.

3.5. Monitoring the condition and wear of cutting tools.

3.6. Starting the machine in automatic mode (in the mode of processing a part according to a control program).

3.7. Entering linear compensation for tool wear.

3.8. Adjustment and adjustment of serviced machines during operation.

3.9. Monitoring the processing process and identifying inconsistencies in the operation of equipment and the control program according to the readings of the machine display devices.

3.10. Quality control of part manufacturing using measuring instruments and delivery to the technical control department.

3.11. Checking the serviceability of the CNC device and machine actuators using test programs.

3.12. Detecting malfunctions of devices and devices when the machine is idling.

3.13. Visual identification of inconsistencies between the text of the control program and the design and technological features of the machine.

3.14. Checking the positioning accuracy of the working parts (zeroing) of the machine and, if necessary, adjusting them.

3.15. Editing the control program and entering the edited control program.

3.16. Checking the condition and wear of the cutting tool.

3.17. Positioning the workpiece in the machine coordinate system and securing it in machine fixtures.

3.18. Entering compensation for tool and workpiece installation.

3.19. Installation and removal of tool blocks and individual tools according to the setup map.

3.20. Adjusting the zero position of the workpiece and tool.

3.21. Checking the serviceability and reliability of devices for securing workpieces and tools.

3.22. Selection of cutting and measuring tools and devices according to technological documentation.

3.23. Checking the functioning of the lubricating and cooling system.

3.24. Receiving a task to perform work.

3.25. External inspection of the machine for damage.

3.26. Familiarization with design and technological documentation for the execution of work.

3.27. Entering the control program.

3.28. Setting up a tool outside the machine.

3.29. Checking the serviceability of limit switches, interlocks, protective and safety devices.

3.30. Checking the operation of the machine in manual mode.

Change job functions

4. Rights

An operator of computer-controlled machines (5th category) has the right:

4.1. Request and receive the necessary information, as well as materials and documents related to the activities of the operator of computer-controlled machines (5th category).

4.2. Improve your qualifications, undergo retraining (retraining).

4.3. Enter into relationships with departments of third-party institutions and organizations to resolve issues within the competence of the operator of computer-controlled machines (5th category).

4.4. Take part in the discussion of issues included in his functional responsibilities.

4.5. Make suggestions and comments on how to improve activities in the assigned area of work.

4.6. Contact the relevant local government bodies or the court to resolve disputes arising during the performance of functional duties.

4.7. Use information materials and regulatory documents necessary to perform your job duties.

4.8. Pass certification in the prescribed manner.

5. Responsibility

The operator of computer-controlled machines (5th category) is responsible for:

5.1. Failure to perform (improper performance) of one’s functional duties.

5.2. Failure to comply with the orders and instructions of the Vice-Rector of the Institution.

5.3. Inaccurate information about the status of fulfillment of assigned tasks and instructions, violation of deadlines for their execution.

5.4. Violation of internal labor regulations, fire safety and safety rules established in the Institution.

5.5. Causing material damage within the limits established by the current legislation of the Russian Federation.

5.6. Disclosure of information that has become known in connection with the performance of official duties.

For the above violations, the operator of computer-controlled machines (5th category) may be subject to disciplinary, material, administrative, civil and criminal liability in accordance with current legislation, depending on the severity of the offense.

This job description has been developed in accordance with the provisions (requirements) of the Labor Code of the Russian Federation dated December 30, 2001 No. 197 FZ (Labor Code of the Russian Federation) (with amendments and additions), the professional standard “Operator of machine tools and manipulators in the nuclear industry” approved by order of the Ministry of Labor and social protection of the Russian Federation dated March 10, 2015 No. 147n and other regulations governing labor relations.

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Personal qualities and qualification requirements for a CNC machine operator

The profession of a computer-controlled machine operator has very high demands. He should know:

design and purpose of various CNC machines;
rules for setting up machines and drawing up programs;
code and rules for reading programs for the machine;
methods for installing and aligning parts before starting the production cycle;
system of tolerances and fits for products of various types;
rules for reading drawings for various parts;
methods of using instrumentation.

A highly qualified worker must be able to understand all types of CNC machines, including the most complex ones that produce parts with complex shapes and require a large number of transitions.

This kind of work requires attentiveness, a technical mindset and the ability to understand computer technology, high discipline, and accuracy. Employers highly welcome programming skills (knowledge of parametric programming), knowledge of electrical engineering, and semiconductor circuits.

Position of the adjuster, his responsibilities

A CNC operator is considered a separate position, but, as a rule, operators are also adjusters. Of course, people with multiple specialties are valued more and receive higher salaries. The responsibilities of a CNC adjuster include the development of control programs (CP) for the manufacture of parts with certain characteristics and, in fact, adjustment.

Important! Before applying for a vacancy, a person must definitely study the job description so that no questions arise later.

Programming

At the beginning, the CNC machine tool operator or operator reviews the drawings and establishes the sequence of instructions that the machine will need to carry out. Using them, the adjuster makes NC in a numerical code.

Where do they train to become programmed machine operators?

Training in this specialty is carried out on the basis of secondary vocational educational institutions. As a rule, these are mechanical engineering colleges and technical schools. In total, there are about 160 such educational institutions across Russia.

Operators are also trained in technical universities - in this case, opportunities for career growth increase significantly.

You can also undergo training through professional retraining courses, however, you must have a basic working specialty or higher education.

Qualification categories for CNC machine operators according to ETKS

The Unified Tariff and Qualification Directory of Work and Professions of Workers lists four categories of such workers (from 2 to 5).

Operator of machine tools with program control 2nd category

Able to operate pre-set machines for processing simple parts (12 – 14 accuracy grade).

Operator of machine tools with program control 3 categories

Processes parts according to 8 – 11 qualifications with a large number of transitions, takes measurements of the finished part. Can carry out adjustments to individual simple machine components.

Operator of machine tools with program control 4 categories

Works on machines that process parts according to 7 – 10 qualifications. Able to operate multi-purpose CNC machines and manipulators that move a part to a work station. Can control a group of machines, place working tools in blocks, etc.

Operator of machine tools with program control 5th category

Performs the same operations, but with 6–7 grades of processing parts. At the same time, it can process parts of particularly complex shapes (gearboxes, engine housings, etc.)

Rights

An operator of machine tools with program control of the 2nd category has the right:

4.1. For all social guarantees provided for by the legislation of the Russian Federation.

4.2. To provide free special clothing, special shoes and other personal protective equipment.

4.3. To pay additional expenses for medical, social and professional rehabilitation in cases of health damage due to an industrial accident and occupational disease.

4.4. Require the creation of conditions for the performance of professional duties, including the provision of the necessary equipment, inventory, a workplace that complies with sanitary and hygienic rules and regulations, etc.

4.5. Require the management of the enterprise to provide assistance in the performance of their professional duties and the exercise of rights.

4.6. Get acquainted with the draft decisions of the enterprise management concerning its activities.

4.7. Improve your professional qualifications.

4.8. [Other rights provided for by the labor legislation of the Russian Federation].

Average wages and vacancies in the labor market

The specialty of a CNC machine operator is in high demand in the labor market. Such specialists are consistently in demand among employers, which is not surprising - all high-tech production (aircraft manufacturing, automobile manufacturing, production of trains and rolling stock) today requires precision processing of parts. And only CNC machines can provide them.

However, the salary of a CNC machine operator varies greatly depending on the industry. It is least in furniture production and woodworking - about 30 - 45 thousand rubles.

Mechanical engineering specialists with up to 3 years of experience can count on a stable 50 thousand rubles. More experienced workers - 70 - 80 thousand rubles. The salary ceiling is 145 thousand rubles.