Steel 20: quality characteristics and areas of application

Total information

Substitute

Steel 15, Steel 25

Type of delivery

Long products, including shaped steel: GOST 1050-74, GOST 2590-71, GOST 2591-71, GOST 2879-69, GOST 8509-86, GOST 8510-86, GOST 8240-72, GOST 8239-72. Calibrated rod GOST 7417-75, GOST 8559-75, GOST 8560-78, GOST 10702-78. Polished rod and silver steel GOST 14955-77, GOST 10702-78. Thick sheet GOST 1577-81, GOST 19903-74. Thin sheet GOST 16523-70. Tape GOST 6009-74, GOST 10234-77. Strip GOST 1577-81, GOST 103-76, GOST 82-70. Wire GOST 5663-79, GOST 17305-71. Read also:  Tool carbide alloys Forgings and forged blanks GOST 8479-70. Pipes GOST 10704-76, GOST 10705-80, GOST 8731-87, GOST 8732-78, GOST 8733-87, GOST 5654-76, GOST 550-75.

Purpose

After normalization or without heat treatment, crane hooks, couplings, bearing shells and other parts operating at temperatures from -40 to 450 ° C under pressure, after chemical treatment - gears, worms and other parts that require high surface hardness with low core strength .

Description

Steel 20GL is used : for the manufacture of disks, sprockets, gear rims, drums and other parts that are subject to requirements for strength and toughness, operating under static and dynamic loads; for the manufacture of the 3rd group of castings of pipeline fittings parts in the northern version with impact strength testing KCU-60≥300 kJ/m2 (3.0 kgf m/cm2), operating at operating medium temperatures from -60 to +350 °C without restrictions on nominal operating pressure; critical cast parts of automatic couplers and bogies of freight and passenger cars, electric and diesel trains and locomotives.

Note

Cold resistant steel.

Advantages of steel and its disadvantages

Steel grade 20 has the main advantage - this high-quality alloy with good technological characteristics can be purchased at a reasonable price. When using metal to produce products, its advantages are noted:

• is both plastic and durable, resistant to abrasion;
• retains the necessary qualities when operating in the temperature range (-40 - +450 °C);
• has low flake sensitivity;
• resistant to high pressure environments (gas, steam);
• practically no cracks form in the alloy structure after pressure treatment;
• the metal has high weldability (before heat treatment);
• after welding work, the seams do not need to be hardened;

When using metal, it is necessary to take into account its main disadvantage - the appearance of signs of corrosion on the surface. To prevent such a process, it is necessary to coat it with a special protective chemical composition (plating).

Composition and structure

The basis is iron. Additional components:

1. Carbon (0.2%). The strength and hardness of the alloy depends on this component. The more it is, the higher these indicators, but at the same time the plasticity decreases.
2. Manganese (0.6%). This is a strong deoxidizer. When it is added, the amount of sulfur in the composition is reduced. Increases strength and wear resistance at the surface of the alloy structure. Improves forging and metal welding.
3. Silicon (0.35%). Strong deoxidizing agent. Added to reduce the content of nitrogen, oxygen, hydrogen. This reduces the number of pores and gas pockets, which negatively affect strength.
4. Copper (0.3%), chromium (0.2%), nickel (0.3%). These components are needed to increase resistance to rust formation and increase mechanical resistance.
5. Sulfur (0.04%), phosphorus (0.035%). Harmful components that worsen its technical characteristics and properties.

The properties and parameters of the finished product depend on the number of additional components. To change them, the composition can be saturated with various alloying additives.

Copper wire

Mass fraction of steel elements 20 according to GOST 1050-2013

C (Carbon)	Si (Silicon)	Mn (Manganese)	P (Phosphorus)	S (Sulphur)	Cr (Chrome)	Ni (Nickel)	Cu (Copper)	Fe (Iron)
0,17 – 0,24	0,17 – 0,37	0,35 – 0,65	< 0,03	< 0,035	< 0,25	< 0,30	< 0,30	rest

If the mass fraction of aluminum is not less than 0.02 or Ti, V, Nb, Al are introduced separately or in any combination (Ti + V + Nb + Al < 0.015), then the nitrogen content is not standardized. It is allowed to reduce the level of silicon when using other deoxidizers, for example, Al, Ti, V, Nb. It is allowed to reduce the level of manganese if all requirements for mechanical properties are met.

20GL Yekaterinburg

Brand:	20GL
Classification:	Alloy casting steel
Application:	disks, sprockets, ring gears and other parts that are subject to requirements for strength and toughness, operating under static and dynamic loads
Foreign analogues:	Known

Chemical composition in % of material 20GL

GOST 977-88, also included in GOST 21357-87

C	Si	Mn	S	P
0.15- 0.25	0.2- 0.4	1.2- 1.6	up to 0.04	up to 0.04

Note: ??? Material 20GL is also included in GOST 21357-87, where it has a different chemical. composition and properties???

Heat treatment modes for 20GL material

Normalization 880-900 ° C, Vacation 600-650 ° C

Quenching 870-890 ° C, Tempering 620-650 ° C

Mechanical properties at T=20oC of 20GL material.

Assortment	Size	Eg.	sв	sT	d5	y	KCU	Thermal change
—	mm	—	MPa	MPa	%	%	kJ/m2	—
Castings, K25, GOST 977-88	540	275	18	25	491	Normalization 880-900 ° C, Vacation 600-650 ° C
Castings, KT30, GOST 977-88	530	334	14	25	383	Quenching 870-890 ° C, Tempering 620-650 ° C
Castings, GOST 21357-87	500	300	20	35	Normalization
Castings, GOST 21357-87	550	400	15	30	Quenching and tempering

Hardness 20GL,

HB 10 -1 = 143-187 MPa

Foreign analogues of material 20GL
Attention!
Both exact and closest analogues are indicated. 1.1120

USA	Germany	Japan	European Union	Italy	Bulgaria	Hungary	Poland	Romania	Czech	Austria
—	DIN,WNr	JIS	EN	UNI	BDS	MSZ	PN	STAS	CSN	ONORM
A352GrLCC GrA2Q GrWCC J02503 J02505
1.1133
G17Mn5
GS20Mn5

SCA1

SCMn1

G21Mn5G22Mn320LAo20Mn6L20GT20Mn14422714GS21Mn5

Designations:

Mechanical properties :
sв	-Short-term strength limit, [MPa]
sT	- Proportional limit (yield strength for permanent deformation), [MPa]
d5	-Elongation at break, [%]
y	-Relative narrowing, [%]
KCU	-Impact strength, [kJ/m2]
HB	-Brinell hardness, [MPa]

Physical properties:
T	-Temperature at which these properties were obtained, [Deg]
E	-Elastic modulus of the first kind, [MPa]
a	-Coefficient of thermal (linear) expansion (range 20o-T), [1/degree]
l	-Thermal conductivity coefficient (heat capacity of the material), [W/(m deg)]
r	-Material density, [kg/m3]
C	-Specific heat capacity of the material (range 20o-T), [J/(kg deg)]
R	-Specific electrical resistivity, [Ohm m]

20GL-Alloyed steel for castings 20GL-chemical composition, mechanical, physical and technological properties, density, hardness, application

Affordable metal products

20GL

Characteristics and properties

Physical properties:

1. Density indicator - 7850 kg/m3.
2. The melting of the alloy begins at 1500 °C.
3. Thermal conductivity of the finished product without an increased amount of alloying additives is 48 W/m*K.
4. Heat capacity - 490 J/kg*K.
5. Linear expansion - 11.6*10-6 1/deg.
6. Electrical resistance - 220 Mohm*mm.

Chemical properties:

1. Low resistance to alkalis and acids.
2. Rapid formation of rust with prolonged exposure to moisture.

To make steel resistant to corrosion processes, manufacturers apply a galvanic coating based on chromium and zinc.

Mechanical parameters:

1. Easy machining.
2. Average hardness and strength.
3. Modulus of elasticity - 200 MPa.
4. Elongation at break - 26%.
5. The maximum narrowing of the structure is 55%.
6. The endurance limit of the metal is 14 kg/mm2.
7. Impact strength of metal surfaces - 780 kJ/m2.
8. The tensile strength of the structure is up to 46 kg/mm2.

The metal conducts electricity well and is paramagnetic.

Steel coils

Mechanical properties

Mechanical properties at elevated temperatures

test t, °C	σ0.2, MPa	σB, MPa	δ5, %	ψ, %	KCU, J/m2
410	25	55
490	7	40
390	21	50
390-490	50	163
340-440	50	163
490	7	40	207
410	25	55
340-490	28	127
20	280	430	34	67	218
200	230	405	28	67	186
300	170	415	29	64	188
400	150	340	39	81	100
500	140	245	40	86	88
700	130	39	94
800	89	51	96
900	75	55	100
1000	47	63	100
1100	30	59	100
1200	20	64	100

Mechanical properties of rolled products

Heat treatment, delivery condition	σB, MPa	δ5, %	ψ, %	KCU, J/m2
Calibrated hot-rolled, forged and silver steel of the 2nd category after normalization	410	25	55
Calibrated steel of the 5th category after hardening	490	7	40
Calibrated steel of category 5 after annealing or high tempering	390	21	50
Steel, calibrated and calibrated with a special finish after tempering or annealing	390-490	50	163
Steel calibrated and calibrated with special finishing after spheroidizing annealing	340-440	50	163
Calibrated and calibrated steel with a special finish, cold-worked without heat treatment	490	7	40	207
Normalized or hot rolled strips	410	25	55
Heat-treated sheet of category 1-2	340-490	28	127
	430	34	67	218
	405	28	67	186
	415	29	64	188
	340	39	81	100
	245	40	86	88
	130	39	94
	89	51	96
	75	55	100
	47	63	100
	30	59	100
	20	64	100

Mechanical properties of forgings

Heat treatment, delivery condition	Section, mm	σ0.2, MPa	σB, MPa	δ5, %	ψ, %	KCU, J/m2	HB
Normalization
KP 175	<100	175	350	28	55	64	101-143
KP 175	100-300	175	350	24	50	59	101-143
KP 175	300-500	175	350	22	45	54	101-143
KP 175	500-800	175	350	20	40	49	101-143
KP 195	<100	195	390	26	55	59	111-156
KP 195	100-300	195	390	23	50	54	111-156
KP 215	<100	215	430	24	53	54	123-167
KP 215	100-300	215	430	20	48	49	123-167
Hardening. Vacation.
KP 245	100-300	245	470	19	42	39	143-179

Mechanical properties of steel after chemical treatment

Section, mm	σ0.2, MPa	σB, MPa	δ5, %	ψ, %	KCU, J/m2	HB	HRСе
Cementation 920-950 °C, air. Quenching 800-820 °C, water. Vacation 180-200 °C, air.
50	290-340	490-590	18	45	54	156	55-63

Properties according to GOST 1050-2013 standard

Yield strength, σ0.2, MPa	Tensile strength, σв, MPa	Elongation at break, δ5, %	Relative narrowing, ψ, %
> 245	> 410	> 25	> 55

Properties according to GOST 2284-79 standard

Assortment	Yield strength, σ0.2, MPa	Tensile strength, σв, MPa	Elongation at break, δ5, %
Annealed tape	–	310-540	18
Cold-worked tape	–	490-830	–

Technological properties

Forging temperature

Start 1280, end 750. Air cooling.

Weldability

Weldable without restrictions, except for parts after chemical-thermal treatment. Methods of welding RDS, ADS submerged arc and gas shield, KTS.

Machinability

In the hot-rolled state at HB 126-131 and sB = 450-490 MPa, Ku tv.alloy. = 1.7 and Ku b.st. = 1.6.

Tendency to release ability

Not inclined.

Flock sensitivity

Not sensitive.

Critical point temperature

Critical point	°C
Ac1	735
Ac3	850
Ar3	835
Ar1	680

Impact strength

Impact strength, KCU, J/cm2

Delivery condition, heat treatment	+20	-20	-40	-60
Annealing	110	68	47	10
Normalization	157	109	86	15-38

Endurance limit

σ-1, MPa	τ-1, MPa	n	σB, MPa	σ0.2, MPa	Heat treatment, steel condition
206	1E+7	500	320
245	520	310
225	490	280
205	127	Normalization 910 C, release 620 C.
193	420	280
255	451	Cementation 930 C, hardening 810 C, tempering 190 C.

Chemical properties

The material has low chemical resistance to most acidic compounds. If moisture gets on the surface, rust will remain on it. Because of it, the appearance and strength are greatly deteriorated.

To protect the material from corrosion, galvanic coatings (chrome, zinc, and other similar compounds) should be applied.

Physical properties

Test temperature, °C	20	100	200	300	400	500	600	700	800	900
Modulus of normal elasticity, E, GPa	212	208	203	197	189	177	163	140
Modulus of elasticity under torsional shear G, GPa	78	77	76	73	69	66	59
Density, pn, kg/cm3	7859	7834	7803	7770	7736	7699	7659	7917	7624	7600
Thermal conductivity coefficient W/(m °C)	51	49	44	43	39	36	32	26	26
Ud. electrical resistance (p, NΩ m)	219	292	381	487	601	758	925	1094	1135
Test temperature, °C	20- 100	20- 200	20- 300	20- 400	20- 500	20- 600	20- 700	20- 800	20- 900	20- 1000
Linear expansion coefficient (a, 10-6 1/°С)	12.3	13.1	13.8	14.3	14.8	15.1	15.2
Specific heat capacity (C, J/(kg °C))	486	498	514	533	555	584	636	703	703	695

Deoxidation level

• Calm steel 20. Due to the introduction of silicon and manganese, oxygen is completely absent. Iron oxides are also in very small quantities. This ensures “quiet” solidification of the metal in the ladle. The homogeneity and density of ST20 at the outlet are excellent, only a gas shell is formed on top.
• Boiling steel. It is formed by the deoxidation of manganese, which leads to an increase in the content of ferrous oxide. The compound forms carbon dioxide. As a result, gas bubbles form, looking like a boiling mass. Such a metal is very porous, chemical elements are distributed unevenly, which causes deterioration in mechanical characteristics, increases the risk of cracks, and impairs weldability. But there are also advantages - low price, absence of unsafe waste.
• Semi-quiet ST20. Something in between the previous varieties of the alloy.

Steel grade 20: explanation, characteristics, chemical composition

Description

Steel 20 belongs to structural carbon quality steels. It is used for the manufacture of parts that require high viscosity and are not subject to stress during operation. In particular, this steel is used for the manufacture of non-fire equipment of oil refineries: reaction chambers, evaporators, distillation columns, gas separators, heat exchanger bodies and other vessels, as well as welded flanges. In petroleum engineering, piston cores for mud pumps, cracked forged drill keys, axles, couplings, crosshead pins and compressor pump drive gears, various bolts, nuts, screws, studs, forks, levers, washers, etc. are manufactured.

After normalization or without heat treatment, crane hooks, couplings, bearing shells and other parts operating at temperatures from -40 to 450 ° C under pressure are made from steel 20; after chemical treatment - gears, worms and other parts that require high surface hardness with low core strength.

Decoding steel 20

The number 20 indicates the average carbon content in hundredths of a percent, i.e. The carbon content in steel 20 is 0.2%.

If the steel is designated 20A, then the letter “A” at the end of the mark indicates that the steel belongs to the high-quality category

Substitutes and analogues

Steel substitutes:

• steel 15
• steel 25

Foreign analogues:

• C22 - Germany DIN
• 1.0402 - Euronorms (EN)
• 1020 - USA (AISI, ASTM)
• XC18, AF 40 C20, AF 42 - France (AFNOR)
• 050A20- UK BS
• S 20 - Japan JIS
• 12024 - Czech Republic (CSN)
• 20 – Poland(PN/H)

Chemical composition, % (GOST 19281-2014)

C, carbon	Mn, manganese	Si, silicon	P, phosphorus	S, sulfur	Cr, chromium	Ni, nickel	Cu, copper	As, arsenic
			no more
0,17-0,24	0,17-0,37	0,35-0,65	0,25	0,04	0,035	0,25	0,25	0,08

Heat treatment of Steel 20

To increase surface hardness and, therefore, increase resistance to wear, parts made of steel 20 are in some cases carburized or cyanidated (for example, crosshead pins, gears, axles).

Cementation is carried out at a temperature of 910-930 ° C; cemented products are hardened at a temperature of 780-800 ° C in water and tempered at 150-180 ° C. They are cyanidated, as a rule, in baths of molten salts containing 20-25% sodium cyanide at a temperature of 820-850 ° C for 20-40 minutes. With this cyanidation mode, it is possible to obtain cyanidation with a depth of 0.2-0.3 mm. After cyanidation and hardening with tempering at 150-180 °C, the products have a surface hardness of HRC 62-64.

Mechanical properties

GOST	Delivery status	σв, MPa,	δ5, %	Ψ, %	Hardness HB , no more
		no less
GOST 1050-88	Calibrated steel:
	hot-rolled, forged and silver steel of the 2nd category after normalization	410	25	55	—
	5th category after hardening	490	7	40	—
	5th category after annealing or high tempering	390	21	50	—
GOST 10702-78	Steel calibrated and calibrated with special finishing:
	after holiday or annealing	390-490	—	50	163
	after spheroidizing annealing	340-440	—	50	163
	cold-worked without heat treatment	490	7	40	207
GOST 1577-93	Normalized or hot rolled strip	410	25	55	—
GOST 4041-71 (transverse samples)	Heat-treated sheet of category 1 and 2	340-490	28	—	127

Mechanical properties of forgings (GOST 8479-70)

Heat treatment	Section, mm	KP	σ0.2, MPa,	σв, MPa,	δ5, %	Ψ, %	KCU , J/cm2	Hardness HB , no more
			no more
Normalization	Up to 100	175	175	350	28	55	64	101-143
	100-300	350	24	50	59	101-143
	300-500	350	22	45	54	101-143
	500-800	350	20	40	49	101-143
	Up to 100	195	195	390	26	55	59	111-156
	100-300	390	23	50	54	111-156
	Up to 100	215	215	430	24	53	54	123-167
	100-300	430	20	48	49	123-167
Hardening + tempering	100-300	245	245	470	19	42	39	143-179

Mechanical properties of steel after chemical treatment

HTO mode	Section, mm	σ0.2, MPa,	σв, MPa,	δ5, %	Ψ, %	KCU , J/cm2	Hardness HB , no more
		no more
Cementation at 920-950 °C, cooling. on air; hardening from 800-820 °C in water; holiday at 180-200 “C, cool. on air	50	290-340	490-590	18	45	54	HRC e 156 - cores; HB 55-63 - surfaces

Endurance limit (n = 107)

Strength characteristics	σ-1, MPa	τ-1, MPa
σ0.2 = 320 MPa, σв = 500 MPa,	206	—
σ0.2 = 310 MPa, σв = 520 MPa,	245	—
σ0.2 = 280 MPa, σв = 490 MPa,	225	—
—	127*1	—
σ0.2 = 280 MPa, σв = 420 MPa,	193	—
—	255	127*2

*1 - Normalization at 910 °C, tempering at 620 °C. *2 - Cementation at 930 °C, tempering at 190 °C.

Mechanical properties at elevated temperatures

t isp, °С	σ0.2, MPa	σв, MPa	δ5, %	ψ, %	KCU , J/cm2
20	280	430	34	67	218
200	230	405	28	67	186
300	170	415	29	64	188
400	150	340	39	81	100
500	140	245	40	86	88
700	—	130	39	94	—
800	—	89	51	96	—
900	—	75	55	100	—
1000	—	47	3	100	—
1100	—	30	59	100	—
1200	—	20	64	100	—

Impact strength KCU

Heat treatment	KCU , J/cm2, at temperature, °C
	+20	-20	-40	-60
Annealing	110	68	47	10
Normalization	157	109	86	15-38

Note. σ4001/10000 = 98 MPa; σ4751/100000 = 35 MPa; σ4501/10000 = 120 MPa; σ4751/1000000 = 78 MPa; σ4501/1000 = 59 MPa;

Technological properties

Forging temperature, °C: beginning 1280, end 750. Cooling in air. Weldability - weldable without restrictions, except for parts after chemical treatment. Welding methods: RDS, ADS submerged arc and gas shield, KTS. Cutting ability - K v

tv.sp = 1.7 and
K v
b.st = 1.6 in the hot-rolled state at
HB
126-131 and σw = 450-490 MPa. Flock sensitivity - not sensitive. Tendency to temper brittleness - not prone.

Temperature of critical points, °C

Ac1	Ac3	Ar3	Ar1
735	850	835	680

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Heat treatment features

The material is subject to heat treatment - hardening, tempering, annealing. After their implementation, the ferrite-pearlite structure changes, which transforms into martensite. There is a decrease in the plasticity of the material with a simultaneous increase in its strength.

When heating workpieces, two types of furnaces are used - induction and blast furnaces. For hardening, the temperature range is from 790 to 820°C. The time spent in the oven may vary depending on the technology. Cooling is performed in air, oil or water. For annealing, the workpieces are heated to 160–200°C.

Kinds

Depending on the degree of deoxidation, three types of steel can be distinguished:

1. Boiling. Manganese is used for deoxidation. The composition increases the amount of iron. When interacting with carbon, a large amount of carbon dioxide is released. The peculiarity of this type of steel is its high porosity. The main components of the metal are distributed unevenly throughout the structure. Because of this, the strength indicator decreases.
2. Calm. It is formed in the process of removing oxygen from the metal composition. To do this, manganese and silicon are introduced into the alloy. It contains a minimal amount of iron oxide inside. The structure is homogeneous and ordered. The steel turns out to be high-strength. Gas pockets that form near surfaces are removed mechanically.

The third type is a semi-resistant alloy. It is a combination of two options.

Chemical composition of steel 20-KHS

Standard

C

S

P

Mn

Cr

Si

Ni

Cu

N

As

Al

Nb

TU 14-1-5433-2005

0.14-0.2

up to 0.009

up to 0.02

0.4-0.8

0.1-0.3

0.17-0.37

0.1-0.3

up to 0.3

up to 0.008

up to 0.08

0.02-0.05

0.03-0.06

TU 14-1-5491-2004

0.18-0.22

up to 0.009

up to 0.02

0.4-0.8

up to 0.25

0.17-0.37

up to 0.3

up to 0.3

up to 0.008

up to 0.08

0.02-0.05

0.03-0.06

According to TU 14-1-5491-2004, deviations from the chemical composition are allowed: for carbon ±0.010%, for manganese ±0.050%, for sulfur +0.0010%, for phosphorus +0.0030%, for nitrogen +0.0030% , for silicon ±0.020%, for chromium +0.020%, for vanadium +0.020%, for aluminum +0.010%, for niobium +0.010%. The carbon equivalent of SEQ is calculated by the formula and should not exceed 0.43%: SEQ = C + Mn/6 + (Cr + Nb)/5 + (Ni + Cu)/15, where C, Mn, Cr, Nb, Ni, Cu is the mass fraction of the main elements that make up the steel.

According to TU 14-1-5433-2005, deviations from the chemical composition are allowed: for carbon ±0.010%, for manganese ±0.050%, for sulfur +0.0010%, for phosphorus +0.0030%, for nitrogen +0.0030% , for niobium +0.010%.

Types of rolled profiles

A rolled profile from ST 20 is obtained in one of two ways:

1. Hot deformation. This method is used only for products of a certain thickness, which should not be higher than 4 mm.
2. Cold deformation. For small thickness products. As a result of the procedure, the alloy thickens.

The following types of rolled products are obtained using these methods:

• Cold-rolled pipes made of entirely welded steel. The sheets must be joined along the edges of the seams, which protrude in a straight line. This is done after preliminary convolution of them along the radius. The results are solid products with increased hardness.
• Seamless pipes. The method of hot and cold drawing is used, which gives the product maximum strength and sets a fairly high price.
• Profiles of all types: sheets, channels, wires, rods. You can make any length and width of the product.

Mechanical properties of steel 20-KHS

Type of delivery	Section, mm	sТ|s0.2, MPa	σB, MPa	d5, %	KCU, kJ/m2
Heat-treated pipes in delivery condition according to TU 14-1-5433-2005. The impact strength column shows the values ​​KCU-60/KCV-20		≥335	≥470	≥20	≥294/294
		≥355	≥510	≥20	≥294/294
Heat-treated pipes, as delivered according to TU 14-1-5491-2004	≥350	510-630	≥20	≥392

Manufacturing

Production methods:

1. Converter. The molten metal is blown through with a stream of air.
2. Martenovsky. Melting scrap metal in special furnaces.
3. Using electric ovens. Allows you to control the work process.

The material is used for the manufacture of various types of rolled products:

1. Cold deformation. Used for rolling workpieces with a thickness of no more than 4 mm. When cold hardening increases the strength of the alloy.
2. Hot deformation. Used for rolling workpieces with a thickness of over 4 mm.

Hot deformation is a popular metal rolling technology, but scale forms on the surfaces, which reduces the strength of the material.

Open hearth furnaces

The main differences between Steel 20 and Steel 20A

The addition of the letter “A” at the end of the designation of Steel 20 indicates that Steel 20A belongs to the category of high-quality steel. The main differences in the chemical composition are more stringent requirements for the Sulfur (S) content and broader requirements for the Carbon (C) content (see table).

Chemical element	%
	Steel 20	Steel 20A
Carbon (C)	0.17-0.24	0.15-0.25
Sulfur (S), no more	0.04	0.035

Therefore, Steel 20A is less susceptible to embrittlement.

Chemical composition

Standard	C	S	P	Mn	Cr	Si	Ni	Fe	Cu
GOST 977-88	0.15-0.25	≤0.04	≤0.04	1.2-1.6	—	0.2-0.4	—	Remainder	—
TU 24.05.486-82	0.17-0.25	≤0.04	≤0.04	1.1-1.4	≤0.3	0.3-0.5	≤0.3	Remainder	≤0.3
GOST 21357-87	0.17-0.25	≤0.02	≤0.02	1.1-1.4	≤0.3	0.3-0.5	≤0.3	Remainder	≤0.3

Fe is the basis.

Areas of application

Certain technical characteristics of steel 20 explain its use in different areas of industry:

1. Production of pipe fittings (sleeve nuts, fittings, flanges, crosses, nipples).
2. Manufacturing of building materials.
3. Assembly of various metal structures, machines, ships, industrial equipment.

This metal is used to produce:

1. Seamless pipes. Manufactured by cold or hot drawing. Their feature is high strength.
2. All-welded cold-rolled pipes.
3. Various profiles (wire, I-beams, channels, metal corners, sheets of different thicknesses, rods).

Products from this alloy are manufactured according to certain state standards:

1. GOST 17305-91—production of wire of different sections.
2. GOST 82-70 - production of metal strips of different widths.
3. GOST 16523-97 - production of light sheets of small thickness.
4. GOST 10704-9 - pipe manufacturing.
5. GOST 8479-70 - production of forged parts, forgings.
6. GOST 1577-93 - production of metal sheets of large thickness.
7. GOST 14955-77 - production of silver and grinding rods.
8. GOST 7417-75 - production of calibrated rods.
9. GOST 8240-97, GOST 1050-88 - production of shaped and long products.

GOSTs indicate the basic requirements for finished products and their testing for admission to sale.

Steel sheets

GOST

Standards for the production of products from grade 20:

• long products, including shaped steel - GOST 1050-88, GOST 2590-2006, GOST 2591-2006, GOST 2879-2006, GOST 8509-93, GOST 8510-86, GOST 8240-97, GOST 8239-89;
• calibrated rod - GOST 7417-75, GOST 8559-75, GOST 8560-78, GOST 10702-78;
• polished rod and silver - GOST 14955-77;
• thick sheet - GOST 1577-93, GOST 19903-74;
• thin sheet - GOST 16523-97;
• tape - GOST 6009-74, GOST 10234-77, GOST 103-2006, GOST 82-70;
• wire - GOST 5663-79, GOST 17305-91;
• forgings and forged blanks - GOST 8479-70;
• pipes - GOST 10704-91, GOST 10705-80, GOST 8731-74, GOST 8732-78, GOST 8733-74, GOST 5654-76, GOST 550-75.

Analogs of material

For some products, it is possible to replace the material with steel having similar qualities. Products of Russian manufacturers are steel 40Х, 30, 25, 15. Substitute metal can be supplied from abroad - 20 (China), S20C (Japan), 1020, 1023 (USA), C22R (Germany).

Foreign analogues of Steel 20

A country	USA	Germany	Japan	France	England	European Union	Italy	Belgium	Spain
Standard	—	DIN,WNr	JIS	AFNOR	B.S.	EN	UNI	NBN	UNE
Brand	1020	1,0402	S20C	1C22	050A20	1,0402	C18	C25-1	1C22
	1023	1,0405	S20CK	2C22	055M15	1,1151	C20	C25-2	C22
	1024	1,1151	S22C	AF42	070M20	1,1152	C21		C25k
	G10200	C22	STB410	AF42C20	070M26	2C22	C22		F.112
	G10230	C22E	STKM12A	C20	1449-22CS	C20E2C	C22E		F.1120
	H10200	C22R	STKM12A-S	C22	1449-22HS	C22	C22R
	M1020	Ck22	STKM13B	C22E	1C22	C22E	C25
	M1023	Cm22	STKM13B-W	C25E	22HS		C25E
		Cq22		XC15	430
		St35		XC18	C22
		St45-8		XC25	C22E
A country	China	Sweden	Bulgaria	Hungary	Poland	Romania	Czech	Switzerland	South Korea
Standard	G.B.	SS	BDS	MSZ	PN	STAS	CSN	SNV	KS
Brand	20	1450	20	A45.47	20	OLC20	12022	Ck22	SM20C
	20G		C22	C22E	K18	OLC20X	12024		SM20CK
	20R		C22E						SM22C
	20Z

Legend

Mechanical properties
σB	temporary tensile strength (tensile strength), MPa
σ0.2	conditional yield strength, MPa
σcom	compressive strength, MPa
σco0.2	compressive yield strength, MPa
σ0.05	elastic limit, MPa
σben	bending strength, MPa
σ-1	endurance limit during bending test with a symmetrical loading cycle, MPa
δ5, δ4, δ10	relative elongation after rupture, %
ψ	relative narrowing, %
ν	relative shift, %
ε	relative settlement at the appearance of the first crack, %
τK	ultimate torsional strength, maximum shear stress, MPa
τ-1	endurance limit during torsion testing with a symmetrical loading cycle, MPa
KCU and KCV	impact strength, determined on a sample with concentrators of the U and V types, J/cm2
HRСе and HRB	Rockwell hardness (scale C and B respectively)
HB	Brinell hardness
H.V.	Vickers hardness
HSD	Shore hardness
Physical properties
E	normal modulus of elasticity, GPa
G	modulus of elasticity in torsional shear, GPa
ρn	density, kg/m3
λ	thermal conductivity coefficient, W/(m∙°C)
ρ	electrical resistivity, Ohm∙m
α	linear thermal expansion coefficient, 10-61/°С
With	specific heat capacity, J/(kg∙°С)

Sources

• https://vse-stali.ru/stal-konstruktsionnaya/uglerodistaya-kachestvennaya/stal-20-stal-20a/
• https://punktpriema.ru/articles/tehnicheskie-harakteristiki-uglerodistoy-stali-20.html
• https://metalloy.ru/stal/marka-20
• https://metal.place/ru/wiki/20/
• https://MetallolomResurs.ru/svoystva-stali-20.html
• https://nzmetallspb.ru/benzoinstrument/stal-20-harakteristiki-svojstva-oblast-primeneniya.html
• https://xlom.ru/spravochnik/marka-stali-st-20

20GL Chelyabinsk

Brand:	20GL
Classification:	Alloy casting steel
Application:	disks, sprockets, ring gears and other parts that are subject to requirements for strength and toughness, operating under static and dynamic loads
Foreign analogues:	Known

Chemical composition in % of material 20GL

GOST 977-88, also included in GOST 21357-87

C	Si	Mn	S	P
0.15- 0.25	0.2- 0.4	1.2- 1.6	up to 0.04	up to 0.04

Note: ??? Material 20GL is also included in GOST 21357-87, where it has a different chemical. composition and properties???

Heat treatment modes for 20GL material

Normalization 880-900 ° C, Vacation 600-650 ° C

Quenching 870-890 ° C, Tempering 620-650 ° C

Mechanical properties at T=20oC of 20GL material.

Assortment	Size	Eg.	sв	sT	d5	y	KCU	Thermal change
—	mm	—	MPa	MPa	%	%	kJ/m2	—
Castings, K25, GOST 977-88	540	275	18	25	491	Normalization 880-900 ° C, Vacation 600-650 ° C
Castings, KT30, GOST 977-88	530	334	14	25	383	Quenching 870-890 ° C, Tempering 620-650 ° C
Castings, GOST 21357-87	500	300	20	35	Normalization
Castings, GOST 21357-87	550	400	15	30	Quenching and tempering

Hardness 20GL,

HB 10 -1 = 143-187 MPa

Foreign analogues of material 20GL
Attention!
Both exact and closest analogues are indicated. 1.1120

USA	Germany	Japan	European Union	Italy	Bulgaria	Hungary	Poland	Romania	Czech	Austria
—	DIN,WNr	JIS	EN	UNI	BDS	MSZ	PN	STAS	CSN	ONORM
A352GrLCC GrA2Q GrWCC J02503 J02505
1.1133
G17Mn5
GS20Mn5

SCA1

SCMn1

G21Mn5G22Mn320LAo20Mn6L20GT20Mn14422714GS21Mn5

Designations:

Mechanical properties :
sв	-Short-term strength limit, [MPa]
sT	- Proportional limit (yield strength for permanent deformation), [MPa]
d5	-Elongation at break, [%]
y	-Relative narrowing, [%]
KCU	-Impact strength, [kJ/m2]
HB	-Brinell hardness, [MPa]

Physical properties:
T	-Temperature at which these properties were obtained, [Deg]
E	-Elastic modulus of the first kind, [MPa]
a	-Coefficient of thermal (linear) expansion (range 20o-T), [1/degree]
l	-Thermal conductivity coefficient (heat capacity of the material), [W/(m deg)]
r	-Material density, [kg/m3]
C	-Specific heat capacity of the material (range 20o-T), [J/(kg deg)]
R	-Specific electrical resistivity, [Ohm m]

20GL-Alloyed steel for castings 20GL-chemical composition, mechanical, physical and technological properties, density, hardness, application

Affordable metal products

20GL