DIY drawing board

Drawing board (old style and electronic) - what is it?

19.10.2015
Just some three decades ago, not only in our country, but all over the world, in the spacious halls of design bureaus there were rows of numerous drawing boards. Not much time has passed since then by historical standards, but it was enough to dramatically change the interiors of such design bureaus.

Now the main working tool in them is the computer and its varied retinue in the form of peripherals, representing various printing devices. But in many design bureaus, somewhere in the corner you can still see old drawing boards standing in a pile, covered with dust.

For our time, the drawing board has already become a full-fledged anachronism, the same, for example, as adding machines in the age of calculators. Some designers even still have a similar old-fashioned drawing board at home, although they have long abandoned it and use computer programs.

These “mammoths” of drafting have completely lost their practical use, and their time is hopelessly over.

What is a drawing board?

The younger generation will probably need to see a photocoil to understand what we are talking about. A drawing board is a drawing device that has a pantograph system and is a rectangular wooden board that can be installed vertically or at any angle.

History of the invention of the drawing board

At one time, these devices were manufactured by a German company, which, like the device itself, inherited the name from its inventor and founder Franz Kuhlmann. Although there is another (admittedly erroneous) version that this drawing device was invented by another German engineer Karl Kuhlmann.

So, having invented this graphic tool, which includes a drawing board, a pantograph - a metal parallelogram frame with movable articulated joints and a lamp mounted on a bracket, Franz Kuhlmann founded, which began to produce these products for the whole world. Until personal computers appeared and computer-aided design (CAD) programs were created for them, the drawing board for drawing had no alternative - it was the main working tool for an army of draftsmen, designers and design engineers.

Drawing board device

It is unlikely that anyone would think of making a drawing board with their own hands, since it is much more difficult than making an easel. Despite its bulkiness, the drawing board is a fairly accurate mechanical device that allows you to draw straight lines of arbitrary length and at arbitrary angles in the plane of the board. The device could have two options for a movable frame:

the pantograph mechanism was a system of steel levers that formed a parallelogram through articulated joints;
a coordinate-type mechanism with two strictly perpendicular profiles along which the carriage could move.

A goniometer (dividing) head was attached to the parallelogram or one of the carriages, from which two scale rulers emanated at an angle of 90 degrees. The rulers were usually marked with different scales, and they themselves were of unequal length: the vertical one had a length of 300 mm, and the horizontal one had a length of 500 mm. Rulers were made from metal-reinforced transparent plastic or thin-walled steel profile. The accuracy of the goniometer head was 5′, and its position could be fixed in any position. Direct and reverse reference scales were used simultaneously. Using a device for displacing the head, projections were constructed at an angle. The device is equipped with a brake that fixes the position of the head. The head can be rotated perpendicular to the plane of the board. The installation of a printing device, shading devices, tools for adjusting rulers, etc. was provided.

Features of the drawing board operation

Since design using a drawing board was carried out on a sheet of Whatman paper, it was carried out in three planes:

front view;
side view;
view from above.

The CAD system created later made it possible to immediately make three-dimensional projections and often used the reverse approach, when, after creating a three-dimensional model of the part, its individual projections were created.

Electronic drawing boards

Currently, drawing boards are used less and less as design tools in design bureaus and at Russian enterprises, since they cannot compete with CAD in terms of development speed, and they also significantly facilitate the designer’s work. And although the ordinary mechanical drawing board has given way, it has been replaced by an electronic drawing board in different variations.

about drawing board

Kuhlman PROFI PLUSMT

This is a complete drawing system suitable for use both at home and at work. The tilt of the board is adjusted by a four-stage anti-slip stand. The tire has a locking function and a stop-and-go mechanism. Comes with a professional drawing head.

Interactive tableIsis

Characterized by interactive capabilities and ease of use.

The vertical or horizontal position of the table and the software allows it to be used as an interactive whiteboard, drawing board, photo album, map, or presentation tool.

The device has a smooth laminated reflective tabletop with variable height and any angle of inclination. An interactive projector with ultra-short throw can be purchased separately for the system.

Interactive drawing board

This interactive drawing board, while still being easy to use, provides additional interactive features. This complex is not only multifunctional, but also mobile, since it is adapted for movement. It includes:

white board measuring 1440x900mm, equipped with a moving mechanism with electrical adjustment;
laptop;
interactive short-throw multimedia projector connected to a laptop.

Advantages of this complex:

mobility allows you to quickly move it without disassembling;
using an interactive projector, any changes that occur on the board are read and transferred immediately to the computer;
very convenient not only for drawing and modeling, but also for presentations and demonstrations;
the height and tilt angle of the interactive whiteboard can be easily controlled from the remote control of the electric mechanism;
equipped with a horizontal pull-out shelf for installing a laptop;
There is a top mount for the multimedia projector.

Electronic drawing board "iTable"

back in 2011, she introduced the “NettleBox” holographic table to the world, which was a visualization system that formed in the observer a sense of the reality of the demonstrated object. And I was pleased with the electronic drawing board “iTable”, which was able to replace all the elements that were used during presentations: screen, projector, laptop.

“iTable” is essentially a software and hardware complex that combines an electronic table and a touch screen. To work with it, you can adapt software that was created to solve original problems of different customers, or taken from Autodesk.

If you use the Autodesk automatic design system, it becomes capable of performing all the functions of the good old drawing board.

The “iTable” has in common with this archaic drawing tool a huge screen size, reaching a diagonal of 60 inches, but the modern device also has excellent demonstration capabilities.

Since “iTable” has a very convenient and functional touch interactive panel, it makes it easier to work with design objects.

For example, to view an object in two-dimensional or three-dimensional space, you can set the coordinates of a point by touching the screen with your finger at the desired location in the image. The screen has a hydraulic lift, with which its position can be changed from vertical to horizontal. With the help of this device it is ideal to demonstrate design developments, without the usual devices: a screen, a projector and a computer.

In addition, the iTable can be used as a backup screen if you connect it to a computer. For the joint functioning of two devices, the Autodesk Inventor solution with the associativity function is designed. If you change a part on the computer, this will be reflected in the object model visible on the iTable.

Drawing machine

Usage: drawing machines that provide the ability to perform drawing and graphic work in the open. The essence of the invention: a drawing machine contains a drawing board installed with the ability to rotate and tilt, a reflector resting on a stand and connected to it and to a square drawing board made transparent and located above the reflector in which the light source is installed. The reflector is connected to the stand by means of a clamp that covers the stand with the ability to rotate in a horizontal plane, rollers located on the clamp and installed on its mutually perpendicular diameters, coinciding with the diagonals of the drawing board, rollers located along the edge of the reflector and installed on its mutually perpendicular diameters, parallel sides of the drawing board, and a closed tensile element covering alternately the rollers mounted on the clamp and on the reflector. There are cutouts in the rack, and in its cavity there are means for connecting to the electrical network a light source installed in the center of the reflector. 1 salary f-ly, 4 ill.

The invention relates to means of mechanization of drawing and graphic work, namely to support devices for drawing boards and can be used when performing work on small-sized sheets.

A drawing machine is known, containing a drawing board made of transparent material, mounted above a reflector with a light source inside, connected with the possibility of tilting with a stand. This device provides the ability to perform drawing and graphic work in the light, but has a complex design and significant metal consumption. The technical result achieved in this invention, is to simplify the design and reduce metal consumption. This technical result is achieved by the fact that the drawing machine contains a hollow stand, a drawing board installed with the ability to rotate and tilt, a reflector resting on the stand and connected to it and to a square drawing board, made transparent and located above the reflector in which the light source is installed, while the reflector is connected to the stand by means of a clamp covering the stand with the possibility of rotation in the horizontal plane, rollers located on the clamp and installed on its mutually perpendicular diameters, coinciding with the diagonals of the drawing board, with the possibility of changing its planar position relative to the clamp, rollers located along the edge of the reflector and installed on its mutually perpendicular diameters parallel to the sides of the drawing board with the possibility of changing its planar position relative to the reflector, and a closed tensile element alternately covering the rollers mounted on the clamp and on reflector. In addition, there are cutouts in the rack, and in its cavity there are means for connecting to the electrical network a light source installed in the center of the reflector. This design of the drawing machine ensures reliable connection between the reflector and the rack, rotation of the drawing board 360o in its plane, tilting the drawing board up to 30o , transparency of the copied image, as well as ease of operation in a sitting position. In Fig. 1 shows a drawing machine, front view; in fig. 2 section A-A in Fig. 1; in fig. 3 side view with the reflector and the drawing board in an inclined position; in fig. 4 view B in Fig. 3. The drawing machine contains a vertical stand 1, a clamp 2, a reflector 3 and a square drawing board 4. The stand 1 is made of plastic in the form of a hollow cylinder with a bottom 5 and is attached with screws to the floor. In the upper part of the rack 1 there is a circular guide groove 6, in which a clamp 2, made of plastic in the form of a flat ring consisting of two halves fastened together, is horizontally installed with the possibility of rotation in its cavity. At the end of the rack 1, a horizontally located reflector 3 is freely installed, made of duralumin, the diameter of which is approximately 2.7 times greater than the internal diameter of the rack 1. The drawing board 4 is horizontally located above the reflector 3 and is symmetrically installed relative to the rack 1 and the reflector 3, with which it is connected by means of brackets 7, and the working panel 8 of the drawing board 4, on which the crossbar 9 is installed, is made of transparent material, while the mechanism for the rectilinear translational movement of the crossbar 9 is located in the cavity of the drawing board 4. On the mutually perpendicular diameters of the clamp 2, coinciding with the diagonals drawing board 4, by means of hinges 10 attached to the clamp 2, rollers 11 having grooves are installed, and along the edge of the reflector 3 on its mutually perpendicular diameters, parallel to the sides of the drawing board 4, by means of hinges 12 attached to the reflector 3, rollers 13 are installed , identical to rollers 11. The clamp 2 and the reflector 3 are connected to each other by means of a closed tensile element 14, made of rubber and alternately covering rollers 11 mounted on the clamp 2, and rollers 13 mounted on the reflector 3, and the branches of the tensile element 14 are located symmetrically relative to the axes of the drawing board 4. In the center of the reflector 3 there is an electric cartridge 15 with an electric lamp 16 with a power of 40-60 W, and an electrical cord 17 with a plug 18 and a switch 19 hangs freely from the insulating hole in the reflector 3 gasket 20 into the cavity of the stand 1 and is plugged into an electrical outlet 21 , installed in the center of the bottom 5 of the rack 1, the power supply to which is supplied through an insulated hole 22 in the rack 1. Part of the power cord 17 is made of a spiral, which ensures its extension when the reflector 3 is tilted, and for free movement of the power cord 17 in the front part of the rack 1 is made cutout 23. For free access to the cavity of the stand 1, a cutout 24 is made in the rear part of it. The operation of the drawing machine is that in order to give the drawing board 4 an inclined position, light hand pressure on its rear end is necessary, during which the reflector 3 will move on the stand 1 forward and tilts, and with it the drawing board 4 tilts. In this case, the hinges 10, fixed to the clamp 2, and the hinges 12, fixed to the reflector 3, in place with them and the rollers, 11 and 13, respectively, under the influence of the tensile element 14 synchronously change their planar position relative to the clamp 2 and the reflector 3, which ensures the smoothest possible transition of the tensile element 14 from one roller to another. When the drawing board 4 is inclined, the branches of the tensile element 14 retain a symmetrical arrangement relative to only one of their drawing board 4. With a maximum inclination of the drawing board 4 equal to 30o, the length of the tensile element 14 increases by approximately 7% To install the drawing board 4 in its original position, it is enough pull it towards you. To rotate the drawing board 4 in its plane, it is necessary to give it a rotational movement in the desired direction, which, through the tensile element 14, rollers 11 mounted on the clamp 13, mounted on the reflector 3, will be transmitted to the clamp 2 and rotate it on the stand 1 in the same direction. The given position of the drawing board 4 is self-fixed due to its weight, friction between the stand 1 and the reflector 3, as well as due to the elasticity of the tensile element 14 and the concavity of the reflector 3.

Claim

1. A drawing machine containing a drawing board made of transparent material, mounted above a reflector with a light source inside, connected with the possibility of tilting to a stand, characterized in that the drawing board is made square, and the reflector is connected to the stand by means of a clamp covering the stand with the possibility of rotation in a horizontal plane, rollers located on the clamp and installed on its mutually perpendicular diameters, coinciding with the diagonals of the drawing board, with the possibility of changing their planar position relative to the clamp, rollers located along the edge of the reflector and installed on its mutually perpendicular diameters parallel to the sides of the drawing board with the possibility of changing its planar position relative to the reflector, and a closed tensile element, alternately covering the roller mounted on the clamp and on the reflector.2. The machine according to claim 1, characterized in that the stand is made hollow, and in its cavity there are means for connecting to the electrical network a light source installed in the center of the reflector.

DRAWINGS

Drawing boards, drawing tables and tabletops

A complete drawing system for use at work and at home. Four-stage anti-slip stand that allows you to adjust the inclination of the board. PROFI PLUS M racing tire with STOP-and-GO mechanics and locking function. Professional drawing head included.

Size	vendor code	Price	Availability
A1	61381-56	16870 rub.	Buy	more details

Kulman PROFI PLUS MT, A2

Size	vendor code	Price	Availability
A2	61382-56	13400 rub.	Buy	more details

Drawing table board

Melamine board for drawing tables and drawing boards. The sheets are fixed to the board using any non-permanent adhesive tape.

Size	vendor code	Price	Availability
75×100 cm	75x100	2542 rub.	Buy	more details

Drawing table RD-175

Semi-professional drawing table. The height and inclination of the board is adjusted by several clamps. Convenient shelf for drawings. The sheets are fixed to the board using any non-permanent adhesive tape. Drawing table board not included.

vendor code	Price	Availability
RD-175	13241 rub.	Buy	more details

Drawing table RD-110

Professional drawing table. Drawing table board not included.

Size	vendor code	Price	Availability
106x27x101	RD-110	81877 rub.	Buy	more details

Drawing table RD-135

Professional drawing table. Can be used as a regular table. The height and inclination of the board is adjustable using clamps and a handle. The sheets are fixed to the board using any non-permanent adhesive tape. Drawing table board not included.

vendor code	Price	Availability
RD-135	21997 rub.	Buy	more details

Base for drawing boards Rocada 190 (RD-190) metal

Size	vendor code	Price	Availability
354110	RD-190	9915 rub.	Buy	more details

Do-it-yourself drawing board - Metalworker's Handbook

Are you here

Just some three decades ago, not only in our country, but all over the world, in the spacious halls of design bureaus there were rows of numerous drawing boards.

Not much time has passed since then by historical standards, but it was enough to dramatically change the interiors of such design bureaus. Now the main working tool in them is the computer and its varied retinue in the form of peripherals, representing various printing devices.

But in many design bureaus, somewhere in the corner you can still see old drawing boards standing in a pile, covered with dust. For our time, the drawing board has already become a full-fledged anachronism, the same, for example, as adding machines in the age of calculators.

Some designers even have a similar old-fashioned drawing board at home, although they have long abandoned it and use computer programs. These “mammoths” of drafting have completely lost their practical use, and their time is hopelessly over.

Drawing board (old style and electronic) - what is it?

Just some three decades ago, not only in our country, but all over the world, in the spacious halls of design bureaus there were rows of numerous drawing boards. Not much time has passed since then by historical standards, but it was enough to dramatically change the interiors of such design bureaus.

For our time, the drawing board has already become a full-fledged anachronism, the same, for example, as adding machines in the age of calculators. Some designers even have a similar old-fashioned drawing board at home, although they have long abandoned it and use computer programs.

These “mammoths” of drafting have completely lost their practical use, and their time is hopelessly over.

Drawing devices

To speed up drawing work and improve its quality, various devices are used.

Reisshina

Reisshina

(German
Reißschiene
, from
reißen
- to draw and
Schiene
- tire, rail), a drawing ruler for drawing parallel lines with a transverse head at one end (Fig. 1).

There are leveling bars with a two-bar head (bar length 800–1400 mm) and with a single-bar head (500–750 mm). The working edge of the ruler for single-plane crossbars is oriented at an angle of 90° to the head.

A line with a two-bar head ensures that lines can be drawn at an angle at any angle. Tires are usually made from hardwood.

Fig.1.
Reisshina

Hatching device

When you press the lever mounted on the rod, the rod carrying the holder with the ruler moves to a predetermined hatching step from 0.2 to 10 mm. The clip can be fixed at any point of the rod over a length of 100 mm. A goniometer with a lock ensures installation of the ruler at an angle from 0 to 180°.

The hatching device can be stand-alone, fixed anywhere in the drawing using fixing needles, or connected to a drawing device.

Fig.2.
Hatching device

Drawing board

Drawing boards are made in various sizes and from soft woods. They serve for fastening drawing sheets of paper and special drawing devices (Fig. 3). The board should lie on the table with a slope of approximately 15-30°.

Fig.3.
Drawing board

Pantograph

Pantograph (from Greek pan

4 shows a so-called hanging pantograph, the weight of the rulers of which is partially compensated by the tension of the guy wires. The suspended pantograph has a softer, smoother movement compared to other designs and provides higher copy accuracy.

It consists of four pairs of parallel rulers connected to each other by hinges at points A

,
B
,
C
,
D
and forming a parallelogram
ABCD
.
Point A
(the pole) is stationary, at point
F
there is a spire that outlines the original, at point
K
there is a pencil that draws a smaller copy.
The ratio of the scales of the original and the copy can be changed by moving the CD
along
the AE
and
BF
;
K
must be moved so that points
A
,
K
and
F
are on the same straight line, thereby achieving similarity between the figures of the copy and the original.

Fig.4.
Pantograph

Kuhlman

A drawing board is a drawing device for a pantograph system in the form of a board mounted vertically or at an angle. The name comes from the name of the German company Cullmann

, which produces these devices.

A drawing board is a precision device that provides the ability to draw straight lines of a given length at any angle in the plane of the drawing board. A pantograph-type device is used (Fig. 5,a), consisting of a system of levers hingedly connected in the form of a parallelogram, or a coordinate type (Fig.

5,b), having two mutually perpendicular profiles along which the carriages move. The parallelogram system and one of the carriages are equipped with a dividing (goniometer) head with two mutually perpendicular scale rulers. Rulers can have different scales and different lengths - horizontal is usually 500 mm, vertical 300 mm.

Rulers are made of metal-reinforced plastic or thin-walled steel profile.

The goniometer head of the device provides angle reading accuracy up to 5′ (with fixation of the angle of rotation of the head after 15° or in any position), has two reading scales (direct and reverse) and a device for shifting them in order to construct projections at an angle. The device is equipped with a brake for fixing the position of the head, rotation from the plane of the board by 90°, devices for adjusting rulers, installing hatching devices, a printing device, etc.

Fig.5.
Kuhlman

Drawing / V.V. Stepankova, L.N. Anisimova, L.V. Kurtsaeva, A.I. Shershevskaya. – M.: Education, 2001. – 206 p.
Drawing / N.S. Briling. – M.: Stroyizdat, 1989. – 420 p.
Basics of drawing / L.A. Baranova, A.P. Pankevich. – M.: Higher School, 1982. – 351 p.
Engineering graphics / A.I. Camp, E.A. Kolesnikova. – M.: Higher School, 1985. – 176 p.
Soviet encyclopedic dictionary / Ch. ed. A.M. Prokhorov. – M.: Soviet Encyclopedia, 1987. – 1600 p.

Unlike machine tools, drawing tables can also be used to perform other design work - calculations, explanatory notes, etc. [p.353]
The organization of the designer’s workplace is designed to ensure the ability to carry out design work. One of the main types of equipment is a drawing machine (drawing board), equipped with a set of special drawing and auxiliary devices and means of small-scale mechanization of design work. In addition, the designer’s workplace is equipped with small computers, analogue equipment, modeling equipment, and means of communication with a computer. [p.257]

Tools for drawing work and counting operations, tools for performing drawing and graphic work, constructing and converting projections, mechanization and automation of design, drawing machines and boards, designer workplaces, mathematical devices and instruments, electronic computers, modeling and analog devices. [p.258]

It is advisable to arrange drawing tables and machines in parallel rows of no more than 6 rows in width with a central passage 1.8-2 m wide at a distance of 0.75-0.9 m. [p.257]

A convenient position of the drawing board increases the designer’s productivity by one and a half times. This is achieved, especially when making large-format drawings, by using special drawing machines and tables, while drawing tables are also useful in that they can be used for other purposes, for example, for making calculations, drawing up documents, etc. For occasional execution For small-scale graphic works on ordinary office tables, various stands and devices for attaching drawing boards are used. The devices are more convenient than stands and allow you to adjust the tilt of the board within certain limits. [p.347]

Drawing machines are a specially made structure, usually metal, on which a board with a drawing device is mounted. The fastening allows you to give the drawing board any inclination, as well as move it in height. Technical characteristics of drawing machines are given in table. 14.1. [p.348]

Main characteristics of drawing machines [p.348]

Machine type Drawing board size, mm Installed drawing device Machine weight, kg Manufacturer [p.348]

The SCh-1 drawing machine (Fig. 14.1) consists of a cast iron frame with a fastening mechanism that allows you to install the drawing board in different positions. The board is balanced using a counterweight, and its position is fixed by a braking device installed under the board. [p.348]

The ChS-1 drawing machine also consists of a drawing board and a cast metal frame, rotating brackets, a counterweight and clamps that fix the board in position. [p.348]

Rice. T4.2. Drawing machine Constructor-I.

Rice. 14.3. Novo type drawing machine.

The Constructor-P drafting machine (Fig. 14.2) is a cast iron frame. The drawing board is rotated and secured using a foot pedal. The board is attached to a frame made of profile steel, which is part of the frame. The machine allows you to rotate and lift a drawing board up to 2-3 m wide. A chute for drawing tools and a drawer for storing documentation are attached to the machine. [p.351]

Rice. 14.5. Drawing machine with screw drive.

Rice. 14.6. Hydraulic driven drawing machine.

If you have a drawing machine, you have to use an additional work table to perform such work.
[p.353] In recent years, models of wooden drafting tables have been developed and mass-produced, which, in comparison with conventional cast metal machines, provide a significant economic effect: metal consumption per workplace, the cost of its equipment and the area of working premises are reduced. [p.353]

Drawing machines or const - 0.03 One set per worker [p.516]

Characteristics of the work. Production of scales for various instruments and products on drawing, drawing-dividing or rolling machines with their independent adjustment, a. also applying signs, letters, numbers and other designations to the scales manually with paint or ink. Production of scales, plates and shields for instruments and products using photo printing and etching in accordance with the drawing. Selection of necessary components and preparation of solutions for photo printing according to a given recipe. Drawing circuits onto boards manually using a stencil or using a machine. Application of photosensitive emulsion and photoresistor to blanks for printed circuit board scales. Exposure, development, fixing and tanning of the photosensitive layer. Preparing film negatives. Installation of boards for galvanic metal extension. Preparing the mesh and transferring a copy of the image onto the mesh. Gluing paper scales onto boards of various devices with mirror scales. Opening the shaped scale window with mirror placement. Retouching of printed scales and boards. [p.62]

In addition to lamination, the method of applying a layer of varnish to the surface of documents using LKS-2 machines (USSR) is used (Fig. 24). As a rule, protective varnishes are used to cover documents drawn in pencil on transparent drawing papers, as well as documents with an uneven surface. [p.92]

Characteristics of the work. Production and restoration of models of medium complexity from epoxy resins. Production of blanks and parts for complex and particularly complex models on woodworking machines. Checking the dimensions of the model with the drawing, drawing sections. Marking and drawing complex patterns along the contour of a paper and cardboard model. Extending the model with rubber along the entire contour to the thickness of the stamped material. Manufacturing of medium complexity formwork from wood. Making a rod according to the contour of the model. Assembling the mold and reinforcing it with tubes. Sealing seams with plaster or plasticine. Lubricant with release agent. Preparation of compositions from epoxy resins manually and in a mixer: weighing the components, heating the resin, adding fillers and other components, pouring the prepared mold. Finishing manufactured models to the drawing dimensions. Sealing shells and cracks, scraping, priming model surfaces with epoxy resin. [p.51]

To perform graphic work, drawing devices of coordinate and pantograph systems, drawing machines, as well as numerous drawing tools and devices are used. [p.66]

The single-column drafting machine SChO has a board measuring 1000×1350 mm, which can be rotated 90° relative to the vertical axis and fixed in a position convenient for the worker. Vertically, the board can move within the range from 920 to 1230 mm from the floor. The machine kit includes a drawing device for a pantograph system of the ChPV brand. [p.349]

The single-column drafting machine SChO-1 has a board of the same dimensions as the SChO machine, but it can move in the vertical plane by 470 mm. The machine kit includes a drawing device for the coordinate system of the PChKT-1 brand. It is possible to install a machine for applying inscriptions on drawings. [p.349]

The small-sized drawing machine SChM-100-1, complete with a drawing device for a coordinate system or pantograph system without a load, is intended for performing drawing and graphic work in educational institutions (schools, technical colleges, institutes). Can be used in design bureaus, research institutes and at home. [p.349]

Of the foreign drawing machines, machines of the Raie brand, manufactured by the Mess und Zeichengerätwerk (GDR), have proven themselves well. [p.349]

Drawing machines of the Novo type (Fig. 14.3) are made of sheet steel, are light in weight, well balanced, stable and allow the drawing board to be quickly moved and fixed. These machines can be equipped with drawing devices of both coordinate and pantograph systems. [p.351]

Drawing machines of the Junior and Studio-P models are small-sized folding structures, intended mainly for work at home by architects, engineers, and students, but can also be used in small design bureaus, where drawing and graphic work is carried out sporadically. In Fig. 14.4 the Studio-P machine is shown in working position. [p.351]

A more advanced design is a single-pedestal drawing machine with a hydraulic drive, shown in Fig. 14.6. [p.353]

Workplace of a Soviet engineer

cccp_foto mgsupgs

The original was taken from
mgsupgs
in the Workplace of a Soviet engineer. Based on dismantling the cabinet drawers, a small illustrated post was created,

about how and what Soviet engineers worked in the 80s.

So, first, the boards and drawing boards: The most typical Robotron drawing board, it was found quite often. It worked reliably. But it was far from Reissov’s, there was no such smoothness and clarity in fixing the Robotron line, it was not found often, at least in construction PIs. But quite often I came across Lapa, made in our country, and instead of it, many preferred a classic board with a tie bar. By the way, the photo shows an advanced fastening of the tie bar. This is a classic fastening, it requires precise positioning of the sheet relative to the tie bar, the position of which is set once and for all. True, you can tighten the lines... In reality it looks like like this. A typical student's board, by the way. And the above-mentioned advanced tension meant fixing the fishing line only at two lower points, due to this the rod could move relative to the edge of the board by about 25-30 degrees. or the technical school should urgently attend to the purchase of a board or drawing board. Although I know a few unique people who graduated from university on the kitchen table... With the help of an inertial plane and some kind of mother.

Now get ready

Of course, there were also Soviet ones, they were issued, but a normal engineer would get imported ones. There were also preparation rooms for students: In addition, preparation stations varied in the number of items, but the usual one was enough for me.

Well, now - what did you paint with (namely, paint)...

So, regularly all engineers were given pencils like this. For unknown reasons, their quality left much to be desired, so I drew with them from early childhood, and for work I bought Kohinorov with my own. Erasers were also bought or otherwise got Kohinorov’s or, if you brought them, Faber’s ones... Chic in the 70s - 80s -x were considered to be Czech collet pencils with original cores.

Like Cooking Tools and other goodies, they were kept under lock and key, and often taken home. But they still had to be sharpened, and by the end of the 80s they were replaced by completely modern ones with polymer rods of different thicknesses. Ordinary pencils required sharpening. Some were able to use milling machines, but I sharpened with a spatula and therefore only with a razor.

Ink work.

In principle, with a certain skill, it was possible to quickly work with pens and drawing pens. But GDR scribers had already appeared. By the way, from the point of view of reliability, rotrings are worse, IMHO.

Well, now the rulers.

Of course, rulers also had to be imported, but some devices were made to order. For example, a washing stencil that lies on top of a pile of rulers. There were, indeed, the most necessary rulers that had no imported analogues. A typical set of rulers from the 70s, later they began to issue plastic.

What did they count on...

I didn’t catch the calculus era in engineering, although saleswomen in stores used them widely. But I managed to use Felix to my heart’s content... True, at school, because calculators cost exorbitant amounts of money.

In addition, I mastered the logarithm and even acquired a pocket racer... Then there were several Soviet machines that broke down and got lost with enviable regularity, until I got this device. Note - it works...

And in the late 80s I switched to a large calculator...

Now pens and stuff.

The main problem with the Soviet ballpoint pen was the refill. That is, when buying refills in a store, you had to check each one, otherwise up to half might turn out to be non-writing. Therefore, each imported pen was cherished as the apple of the eye, the refills of disposable BICs were refilled in a metal repair shop. They also cut valves into disposable lighters.

In the USSR, paper clips and hole punches were made with high quality, but everyone looked for GDR ribbon for typewriters, and painted it if it dried out. By the way, this continued in the era of dot matrix printers... Where would you be in an office without scissors? Good inexpensive scissors, as well as knives, could not be taken away from this. Although the Swiss ones are of course better, they cost a lot more money..

But the buttons are only from Riga! The ink had to be looked for in glass, because clots appeared in the plastic containers, which threatened to completely wash out the fountain pens. A typical folder for papers from the times of the USSR, there were also plastic envelopes... Well, this is all that is left of that one for me era, I didn’t get the board out. Sorry if I forgot something.

Everything I remember about the USSR can be read here.

cccp_foto visualhistory

American Life magazine photographer Howard Sohurek traveled throughout the Soviet Union in the late 1950s and left an impressive collection of color photographs, comparable in scope to the Prokudin-Gorsky collection. On the Life magazine website, photographs taken by Sohurek in Tbilisi are dated 1958 ., but by analogy with the photographs of Kiev, it can be assumed that in reality they could be even earlier - 1957. Although, according to information found on the Internet, the cable car to Mount Mtatsminda was built and opened in 1958: Larger image Operation of this road ended on June 1, 1990 with a monstrous catastrophe. I have not yet been to Tbilisi, I hardly know the city, so I would be grateful for any clarifications on the names of the pictures.

Boys on the bank of the river. Chickens:

It is curious that Sokhurek’s subjects are very similar to the subjects of Prokudin-Gorsoky’s Tiflis photographs. The latter has a view of the rocky bank of the Kura River with old houses just above the cliff, almost like in this photo: This landscape is probably one of the most striking images of the city: Larger image View of the fortress across the Kura River: The same view, only horizontally: Larger imageAnother similar shot: Larger imageThen there is a series of panoramic shots of the city from the top of the mountain:The uniqueness of the landscape determines the unique and picturesque appearance of this city:Larger imageMoon over the city:

Larger image

Unfortunately, there are fewer photographs from 1958 than we would like, but we will continue the theme of old Tbilisi.

Drawing and design equipment. Drawing machine Explanation of the term “drawing machine”

Machine

called a machine designed to process any materials. In mechanical engineering, almost all parts are obtained after processing blanks on certain machines. Some things have to be finished with a file and a sledgehammer, and these tools do not fit well with the above definition, but in mass production this method is quite rare. After all, a machine is the main tool for producing metal parts. Designing a machine is not an easy task. Of course, machine tool building is a developed industry, and there is a lot of developments on this topic, the domestic industry produces maybe even good machines, a whole bunch of people study in the relevant specialties, but for some reason the best machines are imported from abroad. In general, if you look at this matter more broadly, it turns out that machines are means of production. And something with the help of which any goods can be produced is a more significant item than other machines. The right of private ownership of the means of production has played a significant role for at least the last hundred years, so machine tool building should not occupy the last place in the national economy. What will we use to rivet tanks and planes when we once again have to fight with civilized Europe if we don’t have our own machine tool industry? Then it is unlikely that anyone will sell them. But this topic is hardly of interest to those who come to this site to download machine drawings (completely free, of course), so we will only point out that metal-cutting machines are classified according to the following parameters:

accuracy class
mass
degree of automation
specializations

and of course according to the type of processing - turning, milling, drilling, etc. In the machine, depending on its type, a part (lathe) or a tool (milling machine) can move. Of course, this is not all by which these undoubtedly complex mechanisms can be classified, but you can read in more detail where you know. This section of our website contains drawings of various types and types of machines for downloading, as well as drawings of some parts and assemblies.

The most common types of drawing supplies are:

Various rulers (including squares, patterns, figured rulers, crossbars, stencils). A ruler is a special ruler with a transverse head at one end. When drawing, the gauge is pressed with its head against the end of the drawing board, which allows parallel lines to be drawn with a deviation of no more than 1 mm per 1000 mm of length. The most important thing in a high-quality ruler is an absolutely accurate and clear division scale. In this area, as in everything related to the production of drawing accessories, we would like to especially note the Rotring TM. Rotring trademark drawing rulers are presented in two series. Centro series instruments are made of highly durable transparent plastic. The Contrast series rulers are made of transparent plastic tinted in bright yellow. Research by Rotring specialists has shown that the bright yellow color provides the optimal contrast required for precise drawing work. This series includes not only rulers and squares, but also patterns and templates. The technical perfection of Rotring drawing tools lies in such imperceptible and seemingly insignificant at first glance details as high marking accuracy, perfectly straight edges, beveled angle of the side surface and undercut, which allows you to use it for drawing with equally excellent results, like a regular classic graphite pencil, and mechanical pencils, rapidographs and drawing pens.

Rapidographs and isographs

, or, as they are otherwise called, drawing pens or “touch pens with a fixed line width”; The ROTRING isograph, like the rapidograph, provides the same exceptional line quality. The isograph has a removable writing unit, which can be easily cleaned even with a full ink tank using a special liquid. A technologically advanced and trouble-free refilling and cleaning system allows you to refill the isograph with ink as often as needed. Another important point: isographs are attractive not only for their high quality characteristics, but also for their price compared to rapidographs. Rapidographs and isographs can be purchased individually or in sets. In addition, the assortment always includes ink and cartridges for rapidographs and isographs, cleaning products and replaceable writing elements TM ROTRING.

Mascara and cartridges

for rapidographs, isographs, drawings and pens; In the market of graphic works, serious competition to Western analogues comes from high quality, but much cheaper, St. Petersburg ink produced by VNIMI-Graphics. It is enough to note one fact to understand how much our graphic artists and draftsmen liked it - they refill rapidographs of famous European manufacturers with it. For drawing work, this company offers “Stork” ink in six colors and “Chizhik” ink in seven colors. VNIMI-Graphics LLC is the only one in the country that produces white Chizhik mascara. Its distinctive feature is high covering power, water and bio-resistance.

Racefeders

(special tools for drawing lines with ink or paint with a thickness of 0.08 to 1.6 mm. They allow you to simultaneously draw two parallel lines of the same or different thickness along a ruler or pattern with a distance between them of 0.5 to 8 mm. for making curved lines, including parallel ones, by hand (without a pattern).

Feathers

with different tip thicknesses. Our store offers pens from Manuscript pen company, UK and VNIMI, Russia

Drawing boards

in a wide variety of designs - from ordinary wooden ones to transparent ones with backlighting or combined with large-scale grids and adjustable backlighting.

Drawing machines

on which drawing boards are attached

Drawing boards or drawing instruments

- high-precision devices attached to drawing boards. They allow you to draw straight lines of a given length at any angle; Rotring drawing boards are made of impact-resistant plastic and have an anti-slip coating. The range includes several models of drawing boards in A3 and A4 formats, as well as the Workstation board in A1 format, which, thanks to a special mount, is easily attached to the table. All boards are equipped with mobile drawing devices necessary for drawing drawings. The Rapid model comes with a special plastic case for easy transportation, while the Studio model comes in a special bag.

Erasers.

Most often, combined ones are used - for erasing pencils and correcting work with ink. Mascara erasers have a microporous structure; their pores contain mascara solvent - it simultaneously dissolves mascara and erases it; An important thing in drawing is an eraser. This small piece of vinyl or rubber, being of poor quality, can ruin the result of several hours of painstaking work, so the choice of an eraser must be approached no less carefully than all other drawing accessories. The store offers a wide selection of erasers from the ROTRING, Faber-Castell and ADEL brands. Made from high-quality vinyl or rubber, all three brands of erasers are ideal for erasing lines made by both graphite and colored pencils. In the extensive range of these brands, you can choose almost any eraser: only for pencils or combined with an ink eraser (Faber-Castell); erasers for different types of paper and erasers for different types of ink (ROTRING), erasers in convenient cardboard covers and in a plastic case (Faber-Castell and ADEL).

Drawing paper

– this is classic drawing paper (should withstand up to 25-30 erases with an eraser);

Synthetic film
or tracing paper
, which, unlike paper, does not deform over time, is bio- and water-resistant, with high tensile strength;

Graph paper

, itself being the millimeter scale of the ruler;

Drawing tools

(in the form of sets called preparations). They include marking and drawing compasses and calipers, complemented by various accessories: drawing inserts, additional needles and drawing graphites, screwdriver pens, cap pens, extension pens, pencil sharpeners. The most precise tools for critical work are made of brass, while less precise ones are made of steel.

Compasses

There are several types: marking, or dividing, for removing and transferring linear dimensions; drawing or circular, for drawing circles with a diameter of up to 300 mm; proportional, allowing you to change the scale of the dimensions being taken. The caliper is used for drawing circles with a diameter from 2 to 80 mm. Drawing caliper - for drawing circles with a diameter of over 300mm;

ROTRING compasses and preparation tools are a reliable guarantee of obtaining the best results. Everything about them, from the technical concept to the surface structure, is thought out and therefore perfect. Drawing tools are made of high quality steel and durable plastic. ROTRING compasses and preparation tools are divided into three series: “Basic”, intended for schoolchildren, students and just amateurs; "Centro", which includes more tools and is intended for professionals, and "Convex", which contains almost everything that engineering has created in the field of drawing tools.

Currently, the group of drawing accessories also includes plotters of contact and non-contact types; all kinds of accessories that can hardly be directly called drawing supplies, such as tubes or folders for work, sharpeners, calculators, pencil cases, and so on.

(German: Reißschiene

, from
reißen
- to draw and
Schiene
- tire, rail), a drawing ruler for drawing parallel lines with a transverse head at one end (Fig. 1). There are leveling bars with a two-bar head (bar length 800–1400 mm) and with a single-bar head (500–750 mm). The working edge of the ruler for single-plane crossbars is oriented at an angle of 90° to the head. A line with a two-bar head ensures that lines can be drawn at an angle at any angle. Tires are usually made from hardwood.

Fig.1.

The hatching device is used to apply a large number of parallel lines at the same distance from each other (Fig. 2). The device consists of a ruler with a goniometric device, a mounting clip, a rod, and a drive lever with a return spring. When you press the lever mounted on the rod, the rod carrying the holder with the ruler moves to a predetermined hatching step from 0.2 to 10 mm. The clip can be fixed at any point of the rod over a length of 100 mm. A goniometer with a lock ensures installation of the ruler at an angle from 0 to 180°. The hatching device can be stand-alone, fixed anywhere in the drawing using fixing needles, or connected to a drawing device.

Fig.3.

Pantograph (from Greek pan

, genus.
case pantos
- everything and ... graph), a device used for redrawing plans, maps, etc. on a different, usually smaller scale.
Pantographs are manufactured in various sizes and different designs (hanging, on wheels, etc.). Figure 4 shows a so-called suspended pantograph, the weight of the rulers of which is partially compensated by the tension of the guy wires. The suspended pantograph has a softer, smoother movement compared to other designs and provides higher copy accuracy. It consists of four pairs of parallel rulers connected to each other by hinges at points A
,
B
,
C
,
D
and forming a parallelogram
ABCD
.
Point A
(the pole) is stationary, at point
F
there is a spire that outlines the original, at point
K
there is a pencil that draws a smaller copy.
The ratio of the scales of the original and the copy can be changed by moving the CD
along
the AE
and
BF
;
K
must be moved so that points
A
,
K
and
F
are on the same straight line, thereby achieving similarity between the figures of the copy and the original.

Fig.4.

Kuhlman

A drawing board is a drawing device for a pantograph system in the form of a board mounted vertically or at an angle. The name comes from the name of the German company Cullmann

, which produces these devices. A drawing board is a precision device that provides the ability to draw straight lines of a given length at any angle in the plane of the drawing board. They use a pantograph type device (Fig. 5, a), consisting of a system of levers hinged in the form of a parallelogram, or a coordinate type (Fig. 5, b), which has two mutually perpendicular profiles along which the carriages move. The parallelogram system and one of the carriages are equipped with a dividing (goniometer) head with two mutually perpendicular scale rulers. Rulers can have different scales and different lengths - horizontal is usually 500 mm, vertical 300 mm. Rulers are made of metal-reinforced plastic or thin-walled steel profile. The goniometer head of the device provides angle reading accuracy up to 5′ (with fixation of the angle of rotation of the head after 15° or in any position), has two reading scales (direct and reverse) and a device for shifting them in order to construct projections at an angle. The device is equipped with a brake for fixing the position of the head, rotation from the plane of the board by 90°, devices for adjusting rulers, installing hatching devices, a printing device, etc.

Unlike machine tools, drawing tables can also be used to perform other design work - calculations, explanatory notes, etc.

A convenient position of the drawing board increases the designer’s labor productivity by one and a half times. This is achieved, especially when making large-format drawings, by using special drawing machines and tables, while drawing tables are also useful in that they can be used for other purposes, for example, for making calculations, drawing up documents, etc. For occasional execution For small-scale graphic works on ordinary office desks, various stands and devices for fastening drawing boards are used. The devices are more convenient than stands and allow you to adjust the tilt of the board within certain limits.

Main characteristics of drawing machines

Machine type Drawing board size, mm Installed drawing device Machine weight, kg Manufacturer

The ChS-1 drawing machine also consists of a drawing board and a cast metal frame, rotating brackets, a counterweight and clamps that fix the board in position.

If you have a drawing machine, you have to use an additional work table to perform such work.

In recent years, models of wooden drafting tables have been developed and mass-produced, which, compared to conventional cast metal machines, provide a significant economic effect: metal consumption per workplace, the cost of its equipment and the area of working premises are reduced.

Drawing machines or const - 0.03 One set per worker

To perform graphic work, drawing devices of coordinate and pantograph systems, drawing machines, as well as numerous drawing tools and devices are used.

Of the foreign drawing machines, the Raie brand machines, manufactured by Mess und Zeichengerätwerk (GDR), have proven themselves well.

A more advanced design is a single-pedestal drawing machine with a hydraulic drive, shown in Fig. 14.6.

Whether on the shop floor, in the field, at school, in college, or in the design office – Rotring drawing boards with their thoughtful equipment are simply irreplaceable. This mobile auxiliary workplace for drawing indoors or outdoors will help everyone who deals with technical drawing, geometry or artistic graphics - schoolchildren, students, artists, amateur craftsmen and many others. This production program once again demonstrates that once you have chosen a Rotring product, you will never part with this brand. After all, at Rotring, one thing fits the other, one accessory complements the other.

College drawing board

Reisshina with locking and releasing mechanism
sheet fixation on one side + additional corner clamp

R 522 110

Drawing Board Rotring Profile

board made of durable, unbreakable and scratch-resistant plastic.
Ergonomic design
Fixing the sheet on one side and one corner
Guides for the rail are available on all 4 sides, which allows you to work in both horizontal and vertical positions
Non-slip bottom surface

R 522 241

Profile A4
R 522 231
Profile A3

Rapid drawing board

Professional drawing board for fast, accurate and comfortable drawing.

board made of durable, unbreakable and scratch-resistant plastic.
Ergonomic design
Reisshina with a unique locking and releasing mechanism
Full sheet fixation on two sides and one corner
Guides for the rail are available on all 4 sides, which allows you to work in both horizontal and vertical positions
Non-slip bottom surface
L-shaped drawing head included
Equipped with removable legs for more comfortable work
Equipped with a plastic case for storage and carrying

R 523 403

"Rapid" A3 in a case
R 523 404
"Rapid" A4 in a case

Can also be supplied without case in cardboard packaging R 522 403

"Rapid" A3 (in cardboard)
R 522 404
"Rapid" A4 (in cardboard)

Drawing board case (empty)

R 522 273

For A3 drawing board

R 522 274

For A4 drawing board

Legs for drawing boards "rapid" and "profile"

R 522 227

Drawing board bag

Suitable for all drawing boards. This stylish bag is made of waterproof nylon. Features a shoulder strap for carrying and extra space for textbooks and tools.

R 522 213

for A3 format
R 522 214
for A4 format

Universal drawing stencil

R 522 352

Movable square

Precision drawing square for all Rotring drawing boards

For direct measurement and drawing of horizontal and vertical lines
For measuring and drawing angles
For shading
The square moves easily and accurately along the guide ribs of the parallel rail

R 522 225

Rotating drawing head

Discrete rotary mechanism with automatic locking every 15 degrees and manual locking at any angle of rotation. Compatible with all ROTRING drawing boards.

R 522 346

Rotating drawing head "Junior"

Simplified drawing head. Discrete rotating mechanism with automatic locking every 15 degrees. Compatible with all ROTRING drawing boards.

R 522 230

L-shaped drawing head

For drawing horizontal and vertical lines. Compatible with all ROTRING drawing boards.

R 522 226

Drawing machine A2

Drawing board dimensions 700x600x16mm

R 522 432

Drawing machine A2

Drawing board dimensions 700x600x16mm

R 522 433

Drawing machine A1

Drawing board with plastic coating on all sides. Device for inclined installation of boards. Drawing device with “pro” head art. 522346 Drawing board dimensions 1000x700x16mm

R 522 434

Drawing machine A1

Drawing board with plastic coating on all sides. Device for inclined board. T-rail set. Vertical movable ruler.

Drawing board dimensions 1000x700x16mm

R 522 436