Steel 60 - structural carbon quality steel

Characteristics of steel grade 60

Steel 60 is a structural high-quality carbon steel, not used for welded structures. CTS followed by heat treatment.

Not prone to flake sensitivity, no tendency to temper brittleness. Cutting machinability in a normalized state at HB 241 K υ solid. spl=0.70 and Kυ b.st=0.65. Forging is carried out at temperatures from 1220 to 800 0C, with air cooling of workpieces with a cross-section of up to 300 mm. Steel 60 is used to make solid-rolled wagon wheels, working rolls of sheet mills for hot rolling of metals, eccentrics, spindles, bandages, clutch discs, spring rings of shock absorbers, lock washers, shims, shims and other parts that require high strength and wear resistance. . Work rolls of sheet mills for hot rolling of metal. Solid forged wheels for wagons and tires for rolling stock of broad gauge railways.

Steel 60 structural carbon steel

Substitutes

Steel,
Steel 65G.

Foreign analogues

Europe	USA	Japan
C60, Cm60	1060	S58C

Decoding

The number 60 means that the average carbon content in steel is 0.60%.

Chemical composition, % (GOST 1050-88)

C	Si	Mn	Cr	S	R	Cu	Ni	As
C	Si	Mn	no more
0,57-0,65	0,17-0,37	0,50-0,80	0,25	0,04	0,035	0,25	0,25	0,08

Chemical composition, % (GOST 1050-2013)

steel grade	Mass fraction of elements, %
	C	Si	Mn	P	S	Cr	Ni	Cu
				no more
60	0,57-0,65	0,17-0,37	0,50-0,80	0,030	0,035	0,25	0,30	0,30

Characteristics and description

Steel 60 refers to structural unalloyed special quality steels with a high carbon content (0.60%) and normal manganese content, has high strength and high elastic properties.[1]

Steel is prone to cracks when quenched in water.

Purpose

Steel 60 is used for the manufacture of parts that require high strength and wear resistance, for example:

Eccentrics,
solid-rolled carriage wheels,
tires for rolling stock of broad gauge railways,
working rolls of sheet mills for hot rolling of metals,
spindles,
bandages,
clutch discs,
shock absorber spring rings,
lock washers,
adjusting washers,
shims,
work rolls of sheet mills for hot rolling of metal.

Temperature of critical points, °C [81]

Ac1	Ac3	Ar3	Ar1
725	750	745	690

Heat treatment

Small parts made of grade 60 steel (up to 10-12 mm in diameter) are hardened in oil at a temperature of 820-860 ° C, larger parts in water at a temperature of 800-820 ° C, tempering is carried out at different temperatures depending on the required mechanical properties.

Dependence of mechanical properties of steel 60 on tempering temperature

Hardness HB (GOST 1050-2013)

steel grade	Hardness HB, no more
	hot rolled and forged		calibrated and with special surface finishing
	without heat treatment	after annealing or high tempering	hard-worked	after annealing or high tempering
60	255	229	269	229

Mechanical properties of metal products for steel 60 (GOST 1050-2013)

steel grade	Mechanical properties, no less
steel grade	Yield strength σ0.2, MPa	Tensile strength σв, MPa	Relative elongation δ5, %	Relative narrowing ψ, %
60	400	680	12	35

NOTE. Mechanical properties for steel 60 were determined on normalized samples.

Mechanical properties of metal products made from steel 60 depending on size (GOST 105-2013)

Mechanical properties of metal products size
Yield strength σ0.2, MPa not less	Tensile strength σв, MPa	Relative elongation δ5, %	Impact work KU, J
		no less
up to 16 mm incl.
580	850—1000	11	+
St. 16 to 40 mm incl.
520	800—950	13	+
St. 40 to 100 mm incl.
450	750-900	14	+

NOTE.

Mechanical properties are determined on samples cut from heat-treated (hardening and tempering) workpieces.
The “+” sign means that the tests are carried out to collect statistical data, and the test results are recorded in the quality document.
The values of mechanical properties are given for metal products with a round cross-section.

Mechanical properties depending on the section [140]

Section, mm	Sample cutting location	σ0.2, MPa	σв, MPa	δ5, %	ψ, %	KSU, J/cm2
Section, mm	Sample cutting location	no less				KSU, J/cm2
Quenching from 780-830 °C in oil; tempering at 560 °C
30	TO	590	920	19	50	24
30	C	540	880	—	—	49
Quenching from 780-830 °C in oil; tempering at 610 °C
10	C	600	860	20	58	73
30	TO	540	880	20	50	49
60	TO	480	730	25	60	49
60	C	390	680	27	56	49

Mechanical properties depending on tempering temperature [140]

tref., °С	σ0.2, MPa	σв, MPa	δ5, %	ψ, %	KCU, J/cm2	Hardness HB
400	1430	1690	2	3	4,9	450
450	1280	1430	5	10	19	410
500	1120	1210	7	16	23	375
550	1040	1150	7	20	24	370

NOTE. Hardening at 950 °C in oil.

Mechanical properties depending on test temperature [82]

tsp., °С	σв, MPa	δ5, %	ψ, %
20	700	17	60
200	680	14	—
300	560	27	—
500	460	30	—
-25	760	(21)	61
-40	790	(23)	61

NOTE. Hardening at 950 °C in oil.

Yield strength of steel 60 depending on test temperature

tsp., °С	σ0.2, MPa
20	510
200	530
300	450
500	320
-25	540
-40	540

NOTE. Hardening at 950 °C in oil.

Technological properties [81]

Forging temperature, °C: beginning 1220, end 800. Sections up to 300 mm are cooled in air.

Weldability - not applicable for welded structures, welded steel with subsequent heat treatment.

Cutting machinability - Autvsp = 0.70 and A'y6st = 0.65 in the normalized state at HB 241.

Flock sensitivity is insensitive.

Tendency to temper brittleness - not prone.

Hardenability [50]

The hardenability range of steel 60 after hardening at 820°C is shown in the figure below.

Critical diameter d

Amount of martensite, %	d, mm, after hardening
Amount of martensite, %	in water	In oil
50	26-48	10-20
90	15-30	3-12

Density ρп kg/cm3 at test temperature, °С

Steel	20°C
60	7800

Linear expansion coefficient α*106, K-1

steel grade	α*106, K-1 at test temperature, °C
steel grade	20-100	20-200	20-300	20-400	20-500
60	11,0	11,9	—	13,9	14,6

Thermal conductivity coefficient λ W/(m*K)

Steel grade	λ W/(m*K), at test temperature, °C
Steel grade	20	100	200	300	400
60	—	68	53	—	36

Young's modulus (normal elasticity) E, GPa

Steel grade	At test temperature, °C
Steel grade	20	100	200	300	400
60	204	—	208	189	174

Specific heat capacity c, J/(kg*K)

steel grade	s, J/(kg*K), at test temperature, °C
steel grade	20-100	20-200	20-300	20-400	20-500	20-600
60	483	487	—	529	—	567

Type of delivery

Long products, including shaped steel: GOST 1050-88, GOST 2590-88, GOST 2591-88, GOST 2879-88, GOST 8509-93, GOST 8510-86.
Calibrated rod GOST 7417-75, GOST 8559-75, GOST 8560-78.
Polished rod and silver steel GOST 7419.0-90, GOST 7419.1-90, GOST 7419.3-90, GOST 7419.5-90, GOST 7419.8-90, GOST 14955-77.
Thick sheet GOST 1577-93, GOST 19903-74.
Tape GOST 2284-79, GOST 1530-78, GOST 21996-76, GOST 21997-76.
Strip GOST 82-70, GOST 1577-93, GOST 103-76.
Wire GOST 9389-75.

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Supply steel 60

Supplied in the form of long products, including shaped steel according to the regulations of GOST 2590-88 Hot-rolled round steel , GOST 2591-88 Hot-rolled square steel , GOST 8239-89 Hot-rolled steel I-beams , GOST 19771-93 Equal-flange bent steel angles, GOST 19772 -93 Bent steel angles, unequal flanges , GOST 8278-83 Bent steel channels, equal flanges , GOST 8281-80 , unequal , GOST 8283-93 steel trough equal flange profiles , GOST 380-94 Carbon steel of ordinary quality , GOST 85 09-93 Steel corners hot-rolled equal flange , GOST 8510-86 rolled steel angles unequal-flanged , GOST 8240-97 Hot-rolled steel channels , GOST 535-88 Rolled bars and shaped carbon steel of ordinary quality , GOST 2879-88 Rolled hot-rolled hexagonal steel, GOST 19903-2015 Hot rolled sheet products , GOST 19904-90 Cold-rolled sheets , GOST 16523-97 Rolled thin sheets of high-quality and ordinary quality carbon steel for general purpose, GOST 503-81 Cold-rolled low-carbon steel strip, GOST 103-76 Hot-rolled steel strip , GOST 82-70 Hot-rolled steel Wide-band universal, GOST 3282-74 Wire Steel low-carbon general purposes , GOST 17305-71 Carbon structural steel wires, GOST 10705-80 steel power steel pipes , GOST 10706-76 Pipes steel eight-dimensional , GOST 3262-75 Pipes steel water and gap-pipes .

Long and shaped rolled products	GOST 8510-86; GOST 2590-2006; GOST 2879-2006; GOST 8509-93; GOST 9234-74; GOST 11474-76; GOST 1133-71; GOST 2591-2006;
Sheets and strips	GOST 14918-80; GOST 103-2006; GOST 82-70; GOST 6765-75; GOST 19903-74;
Ribbons	GOST 3560-73;
Long and shaped rolled products	GOST 8559-75; GOST 1051-73; GOST 14955-77; GOST 7417-75; GOST 7419-90; GOST 1050-88; GOST 8560-78;
Sheets and strips	GOST 1577-93; GOST 4405-75;
Ribbons	GOST 21996-76; GOST 21997-76; GOST 2284-79;
Steel pipes and connecting parts for them	GOST 20295-85; GOST 24950-81; GOST 3262-75;
Low carbon steel wire	GOST 792-67;
Medium and high carbon steel wire	GOST 7372-79; GOST 9161-85; GOST 9850-72; GOST 9389-75; GOST 3920-70; GOST 26366-84; GOST 9124-85;

Chemical composition in % of steel 60G and GOST standards for rental

The alloy of this grade has a relatively high carbon content, as well as manganese as the main alloying element:

Fe – about 97%
C – 0.57-0.65%
Mn – 0.7-1%
Si – 0.17-0.37%
Ni – no more than 0.25%
Cr – no more than 0.25%
Cu – no more than 0.2%
S – no more than 0.035%
P – no more than 0.035%

60g steel enters the workshops of industrial enterprises in the form of shaped long products, manufactured in accordance with GOST standards:

GOST 1051-73, 7417-75, 8559-75 and 8560-78 – calibrated rods
GOST 14955-77, 7419.0-78 and 7419.8-78 – ground rods and silver
GOST 1577-93 – thick sheets
GOST 2283-79 – tapes
GOST 4405-75 and 103-2006 – stripes
GOST 1133-71 – forged blanks and forgings

Mechanical properties of steel 60 depending on the section

Section, mm	Sample cutting location	σ0.2 (MPa)	σв(MPa)	δ5 (%)	ψ %	KCU (J/cm2)
Quenching 780-830 °C, oil. Vacation 560 °C
30 30	K C	590 540	920 880	19 —	50 —	24 49
Quenching 780-830 °C, oil. Vacation 610 °C
10 30 60 60	Ts K K Ts	600 540 480 390	860 880 730 680	20 20 25 27	58 50 60 56	73 49 49 49

Mechanical properties of steel 60 at normal temperature

Type of delivery	Size	Eg.	sв	sT	d5	y	KCU	Heat treatment
mm	—	MPa	MPa	%	%	kJ/m2	—
Rolled products, GOST 1050-88	up to 80	680	400	12	35	Normalization
Annealed tape, GOST 2284-79	440-740	10
Cold-worked tape, GOST 2284-79	740-1130
Steel	700	510	17	60	Hardening and high tempering
Steel	30	TO	920	590	19	50	240	Quenching 780 - 830oC, oil, Tempering 560oC

Characteristics of material 60G

Brand	60G
Substitute:	65G
Classification	Structural spring steel
Application	flat and round springs, springs, spring rings and other spring-type parts that require high elastic properties and wear resistance; tires, brake drums and bands, brackets, bushings and other parts of general and heavy engineering.

Chemical composition in % of material 60G

C	Si	Mn	Ni	S	P	Cr	Cu
0.57 — 0.65	0.17 — 0.37	0.7 — 1	up to 0.25	up to 0.035	up to 0.035	up to 0.25	up to 0.2

The temperature of the critical points of the material is 60G.

Ac1 = 726, Ac3(Acm) = 765, Ar3(Arcm) = 741, Ar1 = 689, Mn = 270

Mechanical properties at T=20oC of 60G material.

Assortment	Size	Eg.	sв	sT	d5	y	KCU	Thermal change
—	mm	—	MPa	MPa	%	%	kJ/m2	—
980	785	8	30	Delivery status
The tape is annealed.	up to 1	650	15

The hardness of the material is 60G after annealing,	HB 10 -1 = 241 MPa
Material hardness 60G without heat treatment,	HB 10 -1 = 285 MPa

Physical properties of material 60G.

T	E 10- 5	a 10 6	l	r	C	R 10 9
hail	MPa	1/Grad	W/(m deg)	kg/m3	J/(kg deg)	Ohm m
20	2.04	7810
100	11.6	483
200	11.9	487
300	12.9
400	13.8	529
500
600	14.6	575
T	E 10- 5	a 10 6	l	r	C	R 10 9

Technological properties of material 60G.

Weldability:	not applicable to welded structures.
Flock Sensitivity:	insensitive.
Tendency to temper brittleness:	inclined.

Designations:

Mechanical properties :
sв	— Short-term strength limit, [MPa]
sT	— Proportional limit (yield strength for permanent deformation), [MPa]
d5	— Elongation at break, [%]
y	— Relative narrowing, [%]
KCU	— Impact strength, [kJ/m2]
HB	— Brinell hardness, [MPa]

Physical properties:
T	— Temperature at which these properties were obtained, [Deg]
E	— Modulus of elasticity of the first kind, [MPa]
a	— Coefficient of thermal (linear) expansion (range 20o - T), [1/degree]
l	— Thermal conductivity coefficient (heat capacity of the material), [W/(m deg)]
r	— Material density, [kg/m3]
C	— Specific heat capacity of the material (range 20o — T), [J/(kg deg)]
R	— Electrical resistivity, [Ohm m]

Weldability:
no limits	— welding is performed without heating and without subsequent heat treatment
limited weldability	— welding is possible when heated to 100-120 degrees. and subsequent heat treatment
difficult to weld	— to obtain high-quality welded joints, additional operations are required: heating to 200-300 degrees. during welding, heat treatment after welding - annealing

Source:

Physical properties of steel 60

Temperature	E 10- 5	a 10 6	l	r	C	R 10 9
0C	MPa	1/Grad	W/(m deg)	kg/m3	J/(kg deg)	Ohm m
20	2.04	7800
100	11	68	483
200	2.08	11.9	53	487
300	1.89
400	1.74	13.9	36	529
500	14.6
600	567

physical characteristics

Temperature	E, GPa	G, GPa	r, kg/m3	a, 10-6 1/°С	C, J/(kg °C)
0	204	81	7810	—	—
20	204	—	7810	—	—
100	—	—	—	116	483
200	—	—	—	119	483
300	—	—	—	129	—
400	—	—	—	129	487
600	—	—	—	138	529
800	—	—	—	146	575

Hardenability of steel 60

Distance from the end, mm										Note
1,5	3	4,5	6	7,5	9	12	21	33	45	Hardening 820 °C
57,5-63,5	56-62	51-60,5	38,5-59	35-56	35,5-51,5	32-42	31,5-40	26-38	25-34	Hardness for hardenability strips, HRC∂

Amount of martensite, %	Critical diameter in water	Critical diameter in oil
50 90	26-48 15-30	10-20 3-12

Foreign analogues steel 60

USA	1059, 1060, 1064, C1060, G10590, G10600, G10640
Germany	1.0601, 1.1221, C60, C60D, C60E, C60R, Ck60, Ck60N
Japan	S58C, S60C-CSP, S65C-CSP, SWR-7
France	1C60, 2C60, AF70, C60, C60E, C60RR, XC60, XC65
England	060A2, 060A62, 1449-CS, 1449-HS, 60CS, 60HS, C60, C60E, CS60
European Union	1CS60, 2C60, 2CS60, C60, C60E
Italy	1C60, C60, C60E, C60R
Belgium	C60-1, C60-2
Spain	C60, C60E
China	60
Sweden	1665, 1678
Bulgaria	60, C60, C60E
Hungary	C60E
Poland	60, 60rs, D55
Romania	OLC60, OLC60AT, OLC60X
Czech	12061
Australia	1060
Switzerland	C60, Ck60
South Korea	SM58C

Structural steel
Tool steel