Decoding steel grades

Characteristics of steel grade 15kp

15KP - High-quality structural carbon steel, welds well, welding is carried out without heating and without subsequent heat treatment, welding methods: manual arc welding, automatic submerged arc welding and gas protection, KTS, ESW.

Not prone to flake sensitivity, no tendency to temper brittleness. Cutting machinability: in the hot-rolled state at in the hot-rolled state at HB 143 and σв=450 MPa, K υ solid. spl = 1.8. It has found its application in elements of pipe connections; fittings, plugs and other parts for boiler and turbine construction are made from it, operating at temperatures from -40 to 425 ° C; after carburization and cyanidation - parts that require high surface hardness and low core strength. Forging is carried out at temperatures from 1300 to 700 0C, cooling is carried out in air.

Characteristics of steel grade 15Х25Т

Standard	GOST 5582-75 – Rolled thin-sheet corrosion-resistant, heat-resistant and heat-resistant. Specifications
Application	Long products, rods, silver sheets, strips, forgings and forged blanks, pipes
Classification	Corrosion-resistant, heat-resistant steel (old name X25T EI439)

The main areas of application of steel 15Х25Т

Steel 15Х25Т
is used in the production of welded structures, assemblies and parts that operate at temperatures
from -20°С to 1100°С
, and which are not subject to shock loads; pipes for heat exchange equipment operating in aggressive environments, equipment, thermocouple covers, spark plug electrodes, heat exchanger parts.

Steel marking 15Х25Т

Decoding steel 15Х25Т

: 15 – percentage of carbon (0.15%), “X25” – the presence of chromium in the alloy in an amount from 24% to 27%. The letter “T” at the end of the marking without a number means the presence of titanium in an amount of up to 1.0%.

Interpretation of steel grade 15kp

Explanation of 15kp steel: Structural high-quality carbon steels are produced in converters or in open-hearth furnaces. The designation of these steel grades begins with the word “Steel”. The next two numbers indicate the average carbon content in hundredths of a percent; numbers 15 indicate a content of about 0.15 percent. The letters after the carbon content indicate the degree of deoxidation: kp - boiling. In terms of price, boiling steels are the cheapest, but their cold brittleness threshold is 30 - 40% higher than calm steels. Steel 15kp – structural steel, low-carbon, high-quality, containing 0.15% carbon from boiling casting.

Steel grade 15: main characteristics and chemical composition

Alloy grade 15 is endowed with relatively high hardness: HB 10-1=149 MPa. At the same time, it can be welded without restrictions and is not prone to temper brittleness and the formation of flakes. The remaining physical and mechanical characteristics of this metal are given in the tables:

As for the chemical composition of steel 15, which ensures its compliance with a high-quality structural carbon alloy, it is represented by the following elements:

• Fe – about 98%
• Mn – 0.35-0.65%
• Si – 0.17-0.37%
• Ni – no more than 0.25%
• Cr – no more than 0.25%
• Cu – no more than 0.25%
• C – 0.12-0.19%
• As – no more than 0.08%
• S – no more than 0.04%
• P – no more than 0.035%

Delivery 15kp

Supplied in the form of long products, including shaped steel according to the regulations of GOST 2590-2006 Hot-rolled round steel , GOST 2591-2006 Hot-rolled square steel , GOST 1133-71 Forged round and square steel, GOST 19771-93 Equal-flange bent steel angles , GOST 8509-93 Hot rolled equal flange steel angles , GOST 8510-86 Hot rolled unequal flange steel angles , GOST 103-2006 long steel strip , GOST 503-81 Cold rolled low carbon steel strip, GOST 103-76 Hot rolled steel strip , GOST 8 2-70 Hot-rolled broadband universal steel, GOST 3282-74 General purpose low-carbon steel wire , GOST 17305-71 Carbon structural steel wire , GOST 3262-75 Steel water and gas pipes .

Long and shaped rolled products	GOST 1133-71; GOST 8283-93; GOST 8282-83; GOST 8281-80; GOST 8278-83; GOST 2879-2006; GOST 2591-2006; GOST 2590-2006; GOST 19771-93; GOST 9234-74; GOST 10551-75; GOST 11474-76;
Sheets and strips	GOST 14918-80; GOST 103-2006; GOST 6765-75; GOST 16523-97; GOST 82-70; GOST 19903-74; GOST 19904-90;
Long and shaped rolled products	GOST 1050-88; GOST 8560-78; GOST 1051-73; GOST 8559-75; GOST 10702-78; GOST 7417-75; GOST 14955-77;
Sheets and strips	GOST 1577-93; GOST 4405-75; GOST 4041-71;
Ribbons	GOST 19851-74; GOST 1530-78; GOST 10234-77;
Steel pipes and connecting parts for them	GOST 10704-91; GOST 10705-80; GOST 10707-80; GOST 3262-75;
Classification, nomenclature and general norms	GOST 2771-81;
Low carbon steel wire	GOST 5663-79; GOST 792-67; GOST 1526-81;
Medium and high carbon steel wire	GOST 9850-72; GOST 17305-91; GOST 7372-79; GOST 26366-84; GOST 3920-70;

GOST standards for the production and use of grade 15 steel

Enterprises purchase steel 15 in the form of shaped bars manufactured in accordance with GOST standards:

• GOST 10705-80 and 10704-91 – pipes
• GOST 7417-75, 10702-78, 8559-75, 8560-78 – calibrated rods
• GOST 14955-77 and 10702-78 – ground rods and silver
• GOST 103-2006 and 82-70 – stripes
• GOST 5663-79 and 17305-91 – wire
• GOST 19903-74 and 1577-93 – thick sheets
• GOST 16523-97 – thin sheets
• GOST 6009-74, 10234-77 and 2284-79 – tapes
• GOST 8479-70 – forged blanks and forgings

Grade 15 steel is very popular in industry because it is used for the production of screws, bolts and other parts characterized by high ductility and strength. The operating temperature range for this alloy is very wide: from -40°C to 450°C. Having undergone appropriate heat treatment, grade 15 steel is endowed with high surface hardness, which makes it possible to obtain wear-resistant nuts, levers, cams and other elements of components and mechanisms from it.

Mechanical properties of 15kp steel

Type of delivery	Size	Eg.	sв	sT	d5	y	KCU	Heat treatment
—	mm	—	MPa	MPa	%	%	kJ/m2	—
Heat treated sheet, GOST 4041-71	4-14	320-440	30
Pipes, GOST 10705-80	314	196	25
Calibrated steel, GOST 10702-78	392	8	50
Strip, GOST 1577-93	6-60	350	205	29	55	Normalization

Mechanical properties of material 15Х25Т

Rental	Direction	Tensile strength, σв, MPa	Short-term strength limit, ST, MPa	Elongation at break, δ5, %	Relative narrowing, ψ, %	Impact strength KCU at 20°C, J/cm2
Sheet	Transverse	430	—	12	—	200
Bar	Longitudinal	450	300	20	45	—
Thin sheet	—	530	—	17	—	—
Cold-deformed pipes	—	461	—	17	—	—
Hot-deformed pipes	—	441	—	17	—	—

Mechanical properties of steel depending on the degree of plastic deformation

Deformation degree, %	Tensile strength, σв, MPa	Elongation at break, δ5, %
0	450	32
10	600	15
20	700	10
30	760	8
40	800	7
50	840	6
60	860	5

Mechanical properties of steel during long-term strength testing

Creep limit, MPa	Creep rate, %/hour	Temperature, ºС	Long-term strength limit, MPa	Test duration, hour	Temperature, ºС
12	1/1000	700	18	1000	700
8	1/10000	700	8	1000	800
3	1/1000	875	4	1000	875
2	1/10000	875	3	1000	1000

Heat resistance

Wednesday	Temperature, °C	Test duration, hour	Depth, mm/year	Strength group or score
Air	850	—	0,175	6
Air	950	—	0,294	6
Air	1050	—	0,490	6
Fresh air	900	500	0,39	6
1.5% SO2 + clean air	900	500	0,54	Low-resistant

Corrosion resistance of steel

Wednesday	Temperature, °C	Test duration, hour	Corrosion depth, mm/year
6% HNO3 solution	20	640	0,001
40% HNO3 solution	20	640	0,001
85% H3PO4 solution	20	480	0,01

Physical properties of steel 15kp

Temperature	E 10- 5	a 10 6	l	r	C	R 10 9
0C	MPa	1/Grad	W/(m deg)	kg/m3	J/(kg deg)	Ohm m
20	2,01	7850
100	1.92	12.4	53	7827	465	233
200	1.85	13.2	53	7794	486	296
300	1.72	13.9	49	7759	515	387
400	1.56	14.4	46	7724	532	487
500	14,8	43	7687	565	607
600	15.1	39	7648	586	753
700	15.3	36	7611	620	904
800	14.1	32	7599	691	1092
900	13.2	30	7584	708	1140
1000	13.3

At a temperature of +20 0C, the density of steel is 7850 kg/m3

Structural quality carbon steel 15

Mark 15 – purpose

Structural high-quality carbon steel 15 is used for the manufacture of parts with high ductility, operating in the temperature range -40 +4500C - screws, bolts, hooks; after chemical treatment, products have high surface hardness, the strength of the core remains low - cams, levers, nuts, and other products.

Steel 15 - domestic analogues

Rolled metal grade	Substitute
15	10
	20

Characteristics

Brand	GOST	Foreign analogues	Classification
15	4041–71	There is	Structural high-quality carbon steel
	5005–82
	1050–88
	2284–79
	1577–93
	10702–78

Material 15 – technological properties

Flock sensitivity	Weldability	Welding methods	Tendency to temper brittleness
not sensitive	no limits	KTS, RDS, ADS (flux + shielding gas)	not inclined

Brand 15 – chemical composition

Mass fraction of elements no more than, %:

Silicon	Manganese	Copper	Arsenic	Nickel	Sulfur	Carbon	Phosphorus	Chromium
0,17–0,37	0,35–0,65	0,3	0,08	0,3	0,04	0,12–0,19	0,035	0,25

Steel 15 – mechanical properties

Assortment	GOST	Dimensions – thickness, diameter	Heat treatment	KCU	y	d5	sT	sв
mm	kJ/m2	%	%	MPa	MPa
Sheet	4041–71	4–14	There is	30	320–440
Pipes	5005–82	8	430	510
Rental	1050–88	up to 80	Normalization	55	27	225	370
hardened.		45	8	440
annealed		55	23	340
The tape is annealed.	2284–79	20	310–490
hardened.		440–780

Material 15 – hardness, MPa

Assortment	GOST	HB 10-1
The rental is calibrated. hardened.	1050–88	197
hot rolled		149
calibrated I'll anneal		149
Sheet after heat treatment	4041–71	121
thick annealed.	1577–93	143
The rod is hot rolled.	10702–78	125

Grade 15 – temperature of critical points, 0C

Critical points	Ac1	Ac3	Ar1	Ar3
Temperature	735	860	685	840

Steel 15 – impact strength, J/cm2

Heat treatment, delivery condition	KCU at temperatures
	-600WITH	-400WITH	-200WITH	+200WITH
Hot rolled.	16	14–26	75–86	73–113
Annealed.	8	14–35	49–57	82–84
Normalized.	48–65	66	53–80

Material 15 – physical properties

T	R 109	E 10-5	l	a 106	r	C
hail	Ohm m	MPa	W/(m deg)	1/Grad	kg/m3	J/ (kg deg)
20	2.01	53	7850
100	233	1.92	53	12.4	7827	465
200	296	1.85	53	13.2	7794	486
300	387	1.76	49	13.9	7759	515
400	487	1.56	46	14.4	7724	532
500	607	43	14.8	7687	565
600	753	39	15.1	7648	586
700	904	36	15.3	7611	620
800	1092	32	14.1	7599	691
900	1140	30	13.2	7584	708

Brand – exact and closest foreign analogues

Austria	England	Belgium	Bulgaria	Hungary	Germany	European Union	Spain	Italy	China
ONORM	B.S.	NBN	BDS	MSZ	DIN, WNR	EN	UNE	UNI	G.B.
RC15

040A15

080M15

C15E

C16-2 15 C15 1.0401

1.1141

C15

C15E

Ck15

Cq15

RSt42-2

1.1132

1.1141

2C15

C15E2C

C15E

C15E

C15k

C16k

F.1110

F.1511

C15

C16

15

H15A

ZG200-400

Poland	Romania	USA	France	Czech	Switzerland	Sweden	South Korea	Japan
PN	STAS	—	AFNOR	CSN	SNV	SS	KS	JIS
15

OLC15

OLC15AT

OLC15X

1015

1016
1017
1018
G10150
G10170
M1015
M1017

C18RR

XC12

XC15

XC18

12020

12023

Ck15 1370 SM15C

SM15CK

S15

S15C

S15CK

S17C

Chemical composition

GOST 801 - 78 determines the percentage of substances included in the composition of ShKh15:

• carbon up to 1.05%;
• chromium up to 1.65%;
• silicon up to 0.37%;
• manganese up to 0.4% and many others.

This composition provides high strength indicators, which make it possible to use this material for the manufacture of balls and inner rings for bearings of various types.

Decoding

The name ШХ15 indicates that it contains chromium in an amount of 1.5%. The letter Ш indicates that this brand is used for the manufacture of bearings.

Steel has the following features:

• it is prone to temper brittleness;
• the tensile strength of this material ranges from 590 to 750 MPa;
• at break, the elongation can be 20%;
• impact strength is 440 kJ/sq. M.

To achieve the specified strength parameters, the material is heated to temperatures exceeding the eutectoid transformation point, that is, the point when one solid solution is divided into two. This transformation creates the necessary concentration of substances such as carbon and chromium. In addition, fine, uniform grains are formed.

Analogs

The domestic industry produces the following analogues:

• ШХ9;
• ШХ12;
• SHH15SG.

There are also imported analogues:

• USA - 52100;
• Germany - 100Cr6;
• China - GCr15;
• South Korea - STB4.

GOST

Consumers can purchase the following products made from ШХ15 on the market:

• rental, incl. shaped - GOST 801-78;
• rod, incl. calibrated - GOST 7417-75;
• silver - GOST 14955-77;
• Strip, wire - GOST 103-76, GOST 4727-83.

The main properties include the following:

• homogeneous structure;
• machinability in various ways;
• hardness;
• obtaining a thin edge when sharpening a blade;

The alloy has such disadvantages as difficult sharpening and low resistance to corrosive factors.

Steel ШХ15

The development of metallurgy has led to the emergence of new types of steels with special performance characteristics. They are used in the production of certain products and parts that have high demands. A similar example is steel ШХ15. Its main purpose is the manufacture of bearings, but its performance indicators are also actively used in knife production.

Steel strips ШХ15.

Steel for quality knives

ShKh15 was first created as a production tool steel, but over time it gained greater versatility and turned into one of the best alloys for making knives.

The metal lends itself well to heat treatment, which allows it to be actively used in the production of cutting tools. After heat treatment, the strength and wear resistance of knives increases significantly.

Blades made of ШХ15 have a long service life , since resistance to external loads allows them to hold an edge for a long time. They withstand the influence of the external environment well.

Blade made of steel ШХ15.

ShKh15 steel for knives is used in the production of tactical, gift, hunting and kitchen models.

Such products cope with cutting meat, chopping bones and branches, cutting thick ropes, and all household tasks without any problems. This knife will be a godsend for an avid cook.

And if you carefully monitor and care for your instrument, it will last a long time.

Characteristic

ShKh15 steel received its wide industrial distribution due to its special performance properties, which are ideal for the manufacture of blades and bearings. Characteristics of ШХ15 consists of the following parameters:

1. High hardness index . Bearings and blades are subjected to high loads during use, resulting in rapid wear. To prevent this from happening, the product must have additional hardness.
2. Wear resistance , that is, the surface of ShKh15 is not subject to abrasion, which allows it to maintain its original working properties for a long time.
3. Poor resistance to corrosion . Due to the small content of such an important element as chromium in the chemical composition, this alloy rusts when exposed to moisture, but this process does not occur very quickly due to other alloying components.
4. Resistance to high shock and external mechanical loads . This metal practically does not form dents from precise impacts.
5. Plasticity and toughness in the alloy in question are at an average level due to its high hardness.
6. The steel structure lends itself well to heat treatment . Quenching and annealing make it possible to improve strength at the molecular level.
7. Tendency to temper brittleness, which means that there is a small chance that the metal may become more brittle after quenching due to structural defects. But strict adherence to all technologies allows you to avoid this.
8. Poor weldability . The alloy achieves high hardness due to its high carbon content, an element that negatively affects weldability.

pros

Having studied in detail the characteristics of steel grade ШХ15, we can draw intermediate results. Among the advantages of this alloy, the following qualities clearly stand out:

• homogeneity of structure;
• high contact endurance;
• easy to process;
• great hardness;
• excellent wear resistance;
• thin edge when sharpening;
• resistance to crushing;
• plasticity and viscosity.

Minuses

Any steel, no matter how good it is, has drawbacks - it has not yet been possible to obtain a metal that is ideal in all respects. However, the disadvantages of the ShKh15 are not numerous, among them the following can be distinguished:

• above average fragility;
• relatively low corrosion resistance;
• Difficult sharpening of cutting tools.

There are many different grades of steel. Each of them has its own advantages and disadvantages. ShKh 15, in turn, is a very versatile steel, suitable for almost any type of knife. At the moment it is one of the most popular brands with low cost and is used mainly in private forging of blades.

Knife Berkut, steel ШХ15, oxidation coating.

Chemical composition

ShKh15 steel has an unusual chemical composition , which determines its working properties. This brand belongs to low-alloy chromium alloys, which is due to a large number of base additives, which impart the same strength and wear resistance. The composition includes the following elements:

1. Carbon (0.95-1%) – its fairly high concentration allows one to achieve increased hardness of the structure.
2. Manganese (0.2-0.4%) is present in almost all steels. It is used to remove oxygen and sulfur from steel. It also has a beneficial effect on the ductility and weldability of steels.
3. Silicon (0.17-0.37%) - used in steel smelting, has a positive effect on strength and improves the effect of other components. In combination with manganese or molybdenum, silicon provides higher hardenability of steel.
4. Chromium (1.35-1.65%) – chromium ensures the alloy’s resistance to rust, but only if its content exceeds 13%. Therefore, ШХ15 is characterized by low corrosion resistance. A small amount of chromium determines that it does not form its own carbides, remains in solid solution and can be part of cementite. The structure is characterized by homogeneity with small carbides. It is this property that leads to increased wear resistance.

Decoding

At first glance, it may seem that the name of the alloy “ShKh15” is a simple set of beech. However, this is not at all true; these letters are abbreviation symbols and carry a semantic load. A person who knows at least a little about metal markings can extract some useful information from this name:

• Ш - according to GOST, all bearing steels are marked with this letter;
• X – means the presence of chromium in the chemical composition of steel;
• 15 – this is the percentage of chromium (1.5%).

GOST

State standards regulate the production stages, characteristics, properties of all steels, ShKh15 is no exception. All detailed information about bearing steels is contained in GOST 801-78.

The permissible limit of elements in the chemical composition, correct hardening, correct labeling, application, etc. are indicated here. Also, for each individual product for the production of which ShKh15 is used, it has its own GOST.

Types of material supply:

B22 – Long and shaped rolled products	GOST 2590-2006; GOST 2591-2006;
B23 – Sheets and strips	GOST 103-2006;
B32 – Long and shaped rolled products	GOST 14955-77; GOST 7417-75; GOST 801-78;
B62 – Steel pipes and connecting parts for them	GOST 800-78;
B73 – Alloy steel wire	GOST 4727-83;

Specifications

The working properties of ShKh15 steel have already been discussed above. That information is a simple explanation that follows from the following characteristics of this alloy:

• brand: ШХ15;
• class: structural bearing steel;
• specific gravity : 7812 kg/m3
• heat treatment: annealing 800oC, oven, 15 oC/h;
• forging temperature, °C: beginning 1150, end 800. Sections up to 250 mm are cooled in air, 251-350 mm - in a pit;
• hardness : HB 10 -1 = 179 – 207 MPa (61-63 HRC);
• temperature of critical points: Ac1 = 724, Ac3(Acm) = 900, Ar3(Arcm) = 713, Ar1 = 700, Mn = 210;
• machinability by cutting: in the hot-woven state at HB 202 σв=740 MPa, K υ solid. spl=0.9 and Kυ b.st=0.36;
• weldability: welding method KTS;
• flake sensitivity: sensitive;
• tendency to temper brittleness : prone;
• grindability: good.

Analogs

ШХ15 has a large number of analogues around the world . This is due to the fact that bearing steels are subject to the same requirements.

The result is a similar chemical composition, production technology, and characteristics.

Below is a table with similar alloys from different countries of the world, but it is worth considering that their properties, and even more so their cost, are not identical, but simply have many similarities.

Foreign analogues of steel grade ШХ15
USA	52100, G52986, J19965
Germany	1.3505, 100Cr6, 102Cr6
Japan	SUJ2, SUJ4
France	100C6, 100Cr6, 100Cr6RR
England	2S135, 534A99, 535A99
China	GCr15

Application

The use of ShKh15 is largely due to its high strength indicators and wear resistance - the main advantages of this brand. The scope of application is quite wide , the alloy is used to obtain:

• rollers with a diameter of up to 23 mm;
• discharge valves;
• pusher rollers;
• plungers;
• balls for bearings.

Bearings made of steel ШХ15.

Although this steel is defined as bearing steel, its use is not limited to this. It is actively used in the production of knives and other cutting tools because it has the necessary basic set of useful qualities.

Owner reviews

PreviousNext