Do-it-yourself tenoning device for a router

DIY wood tenoning machine

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In the production of furniture and carpentry, parts are most often fastened together with a tenon.

There are several types of tenon joints: dovetail, box, round and oval, which allow you to fasten parts at the required angle or lengthen them.

The spike is a rather complex element, for the manufacture of which a special type of equipment has been developed.

Types of tenoning machines

The most common in production are tenon cutting machines for frame, door and window structures.

The equipment can be one- or two-way, pass-through or return. The working bodies are cutters (vertical or horizontal) and saws.

The device mills tenons and recesses for them (eyes) in elements of wooden structures.

Dovetail and box straight tenons are made on special types of machines created for large enterprises. These types of fastenings are very reliable and ensure long-term operation of the products.

Spikes of round and oval shape are created on CNC machines operating in automatic mode. CNC machines can perform work in any plane.

Main characteristics:

• maximum diameter of the workpiece;
• maximum tenon width;
• largest diameter of the spike;
• type of spike;
• spindle rotation speed;
• engine power;
• dimensions and weight.

The main requirement for a tenon cutting machine is high precision of operations. Otherwise, the parts will not match each other and the connection will not work.

Other areas of use:

• processing of calibrated panels, chipboards;
• trimming the perimeter of door panels and window frames;
• floorboard treatment;
• parquet production.

Wood splicing machines

This is a special category of tenoning equipment, which is used in production for joining workpieces along the length.

The machine cuts toothed tenons at the ends of the parts, treats them with glue and sends them to presses.

Wood splicing lines operate automatically.

Principle of operation

The workpiece is placed on the work surface and cut to size, after which lugs and tenons are formed.

The frame is a cast rigid structure with clamping devices.

It is equipped with a column with working heads on which you can put an eyeboard, saws or cutters.

To prevent the workpiece from splitting during processing, an automatic device applies a layer of glue.

This prevents chipping.

In addition, tenoning machines may have a trimming mechanism for trimming the ends of parts.

In the serial production of furniture, a CNC wood tenoning machine is used, which creates any type of tenon joints.

They are easy to set up and do not require lengthy staff training.

There are milling machines with tenoning carriages that are convenient for small-scale production.

Features of operation

• On large production lines, this type of equipment is attached to the ceiling. Additionally, the machines are equipped with clamping devices; workpieces are accepted with scoring saws. The part is fed to miter saws and finished with a pair of milling supports.
• The feed speed of the workpiece is adjusted smoothly by the variator.
• For satisfactory machining, the spindle must rotate at about 7000 rpm.
• There are several types of equipment, different in guide sizes: 2; 2.5 and 3 meters.
• The design allows the use of several different tools for wood processing.
• The machine can be additionally equipped with a pneumatic clamping mechanism and a working surface extension.

The video demonstrates the operation of a tenoning machine with manual settings:

Review and comparison of models

YC-480 RH-826 AST OMEC 650-A ShS-3

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Wood tenoning machines

The price of a wood tenoning machine depends on a number of factors and can range from 100 thousand rubles or more. But price is far from the only criterion that you should rely on when choosing tenoning equipment.

Photo of a wood tenoning machine

A wood tenoning machine is an indispensable device in carpentry and furniture production. Many parts are connected to each other using a tenon.

There are several main types of tenon joints:

• Boxed;
• Round;
• Oval;
• Dovetail.

Spikes help connect parts together or lengthen workpieces.

A tenon is a connecting element with a complex configuration, which requires the use of appropriate equipment to make with your own hands.

The equipment differs from each other precisely in the type of spikes that they are capable of producing.

• Spikes for windows, doors and frame structures. Such tenoning machines can be single-sided, double-sided, through or return. The working tools of these tenon cutters are special saws, vertical and horizontal cutters. With their help, a straight tenon or eyelet necessary for frame and frame wooden structures is milled;
• Box tenons and dovetails require the use of a different type of tenoning machine. They are used for serial production of joinery or furniture. This connection ensures reliable and durable fixation of the components;
• Oval and round tenons are the most complex tenons made on specialized automatic machines. Do-it-yourself operator involvement is reduced to a minimum, since such studs are subject to increased demands in terms of accuracy. Therefore, oval and round tenons are made using automated CNC tenoning machines.

The most important requirement for a tenoning machine is the accuracy of the processing. If this is not done, then the parts simply will not fit together. Therefore, the connection will become impossible.

Scope of application

Photo of a do-it-yourself wood tenoning machine

Using tenon cutting machines with their own hands, in addition to carpentry and furniture production, they can:

• Process calibrated wooden panels and particle boards;
• Overtake the perimeters of door parts and window frames;
• Treat floor boards;
• Make parquet.

A separate category of tenoning machines is equipment designed for splicing wooden parts.

Such machines are used at production bases where it is necessary to connect boards along their length by splicing them together.

To do this, the machine cuts out special toothed tenons at the ends of the workpieces, treats them with glue and presses them with a special press.

All wood joining lines operate in automatic mode. The operator's involvement with his own hands consists of monitoring the operation of the tenoning and pressing equipment.

Characteristics of tenon cutters

When choosing tenoning machines for working with your own hands on joining wooden elements, you should pay attention to the most significant parameters of tenoning equipment.

1. The maximum diameter of workpieces that the machine can process.
2. The maximum width of the spike created on the equipment.
3. The largest tenon diameter available on the selected tenoning machine.
4. The type of tenon the machine is designed to produce.
5. Spindle rotation speed. The speed and quality of workpiece processing depends on it.
6. The power of the electric motor installed on the tenoning machine and the type of electrical network to power it. Some machines can be powered from a single-phase household network at 220V. But industrial tenon cutters require a high-quality 380V three-phase line.
7. Dimensions and weight of equipment. The heavy weight protects against vibrations, which can negatively affect the accuracy of the cut tenons. At the same time, large dimensions and weight limit the machine in terms of its movement. Although it is unlikely that you will need to move the tenon cutter from place to place every day. Therefore, emphasis should be placed on minimal vibrations during operation of tenoning equipment.

How does he work

To work with tenoning equipment with your own hands, you need to find out on what principle such machines for making connecting tenons operate.

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Wood tenoning machine: device, characteristics, DIY production

For a long time, tenon joints have been used when assembling drawers, doors, windows and other frame structures. To accurately and quickly obtain such complex elements in wooden structures, a wood tenoning machine is used.

This equipment is used both in business and in large-scale production. It is indispensable in the manufacture of furniture, as well as in house construction and woodworking enterprises.

Specifications

The operator’s functions when working on an automatic machine are reduced to loading and turning workpieces, starting or stopping the cycle. Important indicators of tenoning units are:

• largest peg size;
• the smallest thickness;
• groove height;
• width;
• maximum workpiece size;
• spindle speed;
• engine power.

In addition to the characteristics for classifying the machine, the parameters of the cutting tool are indicated: saw diameter, type and size of cutter.

Often on large production lines such equipment is installed to the ceiling. The machines are additionally fixed with clamping devices, where the workpieces are processed by scoring saws, followed by the formation of tenons on milling supports.

The feed is adjusted smoothly using a variator. To create a high-quality surface of the mating elements, the spindle speed should be about 700 rpm.

Homemade tenoning machine

Today there are all opportunities for entrepreneurial activity, while many are engaged in the manufacture of furniture, wooden doors and windows, where connecting tenons are indispensable when assembling the product. And since tenon cutting machines are not cheap, at first a homemade unit is quite suitable for obtaining fixing elements.

It is easy to make on your own, which will save a lot of money when organizing production. Moreover, there are different options for the manufacture of such machines, where the basic element can be a stationary engine, an angle grinder, a jigsaw, and even an electric drill.

Let's consider making a do-it-yourself tenoning machine based on a grinder with a disk cutter positioned in a horizontal position.

As in a factory machine, here, in addition to the engine and cutting tool, there are two components:

The frame must be strong and stable, since it is the base part of the unit on which the device for fastening the workpiece and the grinder with the cutter are installed. This component of the tenoning machine can vary in design and be manufactured without drawings. For example, it can be made from metal corners, and a sheet of chipboard can be fixed on them.

The size of the tabletop must correspond to the intended workpiece. It also contains clamps and a control ruler.

The bed guides must be strictly perpendicular to the movement of the tabletop when milling connecting elements. The quality of the connection between the studs and lugs depends on this.

Machine assembly

The location of the shaft exit is determined on the table surface and a hole of a slightly larger diameter is made. The grinder is fixed with clamps, and you need to make sure that the heads of the bolts are flush with the plane of the table top.

Disc cutters are used as cutting tools. In this case, one cutter is used to select the eye and two cutting discs if it is necessary to process the tenon. Accordingly, the distance between the cutters is equal to the width of the groove.

Important! If two disc cutters are used, the fit on the grinder should be through an adapter with keyways.

With this assembly, the process of milling an eye or tenon occurs due to the movement of the workpiece. To do this, it is attached to the tabletop with clamps and then manually moves along the frame guides to the rotating cutter. In this case, the dimensions of the stud and eye are achieved due to the stops and the thickness of the washer between the discs.



The use of such a homemade tenon-cutting unit makes it possible to obtain proportionate tenons and eyes, which significantly increases labor productivity.

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Do-it-yourself wood tenoning machine - Metalworker's Guide

To fasten together elements of carpentry and furniture, tenon joints are often used. There are several types of tenons for making such wooden products. Among them are box, dovetail, etc. They allow you to securely fasten individual parts at an angle to each other, or simply lengthen them.

For the manufacture of studs, the industry has developed various types of machine equipment, since these are quite complex products. Wood tenoning machines of various types are produced by both domestic industry and foreign machine tool companies.

About tenon cutting equipment

For a long time, the most common tenon cutting machines have been those used to make windows, doors and various other wooden frame structures.

According to their operating cycles, all this machine equipment is divided into return and feed-through, single- and double-sided. The main types of their working tools are cutters and saws. Usually, two types of cutters are installed on these machines: horizontal and vertical.

A milling machine with a tenon-cutting carriage uses the milling method to produce tenons and lugs for furniture products that are tightly connected to each other.

Special machine equipment is required to produce dovetail tenons, as well as straight box tenons.

Typically, such high-precision equipment for wood processing is intended for use by large woodworking enterprises, and tenon joints of these types are the most reliable and allow products to serve people for many years.

Other types of spikes are round and oval. Their production is possible mainly on CNC woodworking machines that operate in automatic mode. An important characteristic of CNC woodworking machines is that they can process tenon joints in various planes.

The main parameters of the tenoning group equipment are:

• the largest radius of the part to be processed;
• maximum size of tenon protrusions;
• the shape of the manufactured spikes;
• spindle speed;
• electrical power consumed from the network;
• weight and dimensions of equipment.

Sometimes double-sided tenon cutting machines are called devices for splicing elements in furniture and carpentry production.

They are designed to increase the length of wood blanks by cutting tooth-shaped tenons at their end sections.

After cutting the teeth, special glue is applied to the prepared toothed ends of the parts and the products are sent to the press.

Most lines for splicing wooden products are capable of carrying out the main range of their work automatically.

A single-sided tenoning machine prepares only one end part of the connection at a time.

This does not allow it to achieve such high labor productivity, which is achieved by simultaneous preparation of both edges of the articulated parts.

Machine work cycles

At the initial moment, the wood blank arrives at the surface of the machine table, where it is trimmed according to the specified parameters.

Then the formation of engagement elements for the future connection (eyes and spikes) begins. Rigid clamps are used to hold the part during processing.

Also attached to the frame is a traverse with a tool head, on which saws and cutters for a tenoning machine are mounted.

To avoid splitting the workpiece when cutting tenons, an adhesive composition is automatically applied to its end surface.

This allows you to avoid the formation of chips and chipping of the wood material.

To trim the end surfaces before cutting the tenons, special pre-treatment is carried out, bringing the geometry of the end to almost an ideal shape.

Operational features of tenoning machines

When organizing the conveyor method of woodworking production, the working heads of tenoning milling machines are mounted on top.

This arrangement does not prevent specialists from approaching the conveyor and making the necessary equipment settings.

First, the processing of the end sections of the parts is carried out using saws, and it ends with milling the tenons.

The feed of the workpiece when cutting tenons should be carried out smoothly, strictly at the speed specified by the technological maps. In this case, the rotation speed of working tools should not be less than 7000 rpm. It is this mode that ensures the absence of chips and cracks on the parts.

The design features of tenoning machines for splicing should provide several technological operations for preparing the tenon ends of wooden parts for a reliable connection.

To speed up the processing of parts, automatic machines and robotic elements are introduced into the production process technology.

DIY wood tenoning machine – Machine tools, welding, metalworking

The price of a wood tenoning machine depends on a number of factors and can range from 100 thousand rubles or more. But price is far from the only criterion that you should rely on when choosing tenoning equipment.

Photo of a wood tenoning machine

A wood tenoning machine is an indispensable device in carpentry and furniture production. Many parts are connected to each other using a tenon.

There are several main types of tenon joints:

• Boxed;
• Round;
• Oval;
• Dovetail.

Spikes help connect parts together or lengthen workpieces.

A tenon is a connecting element with a complex configuration, which requires the use of appropriate equipment to make with your own hands.

The equipment differs from each other precisely in the type of spikes that they are capable of producing.

• Spikes for windows, doors and frame structures. Such tenoning machines can be single-sided, double-sided, through or return. The working tools of these tenon cutters are special saws, vertical and horizontal cutters. With their help, a straight tenon or eyelet necessary for frame and frame wooden structures is milled;
• Box tenons and dovetails require the use of a different type of tenoning machine. They are used for serial production of joinery or furniture. This connection ensures reliable and durable fixation of the components;
• Oval and round tenons are the most complex tenons made on specialized automatic machines. Do-it-yourself operator involvement is reduced to a minimum, since such studs are subject to increased demands in terms of accuracy. Therefore, oval and round tenons are made using automated CNC tenoning machines.

The most important requirement for a tenoning machine is the accuracy of the processing. If this is not done, then the parts simply will not fit together. Therefore, the connection will become impossible.

Exploitation

There are several features of the operation of tenon cutters that will be useful and simply interesting for you to know about.

• Large conveyor productions provide for the installation of tenoning equipment by fixing it to the ceiling. Additionally, the devices are equipped with clamping units, and the workpieces are accepted by scoring saws. The workpiece is fed to the trimmer, and the milling support completes the processing. Or rather, a couple of them;
• To regulate the feed speed of the part, a variator is used. It allows you to control parameters smoothly;
• To ensure high-quality creation of tenons, the rotation speed of the spindle head should be 7000 rpm;
• There are several options for tenoning devices on the market, which differ in the size of the guides - 2, 2.5 and 3 m;
• The design of the tenon cutter allows the use of several different working tools for woodworking;
• Tenoning units can be additionally equipped with work table extensions and pneumatic clamping devices.

The range of units for creating studs allows you to equip your enterprise with the optimal equipment option. But if this is a small workshop, it makes sense to think about a milling machine with a tenon carriage.

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