Plastic storage tanks for sewerage - what they are, advantages, installation

For a comfortable stay in a private house, you should make sure that all communications are available. Many people install a sewer system with a septic tank, which has a fairly high throughput. Such a system will be able to withstand the effects of adverse factors and cope with large volumes of wastewater.

Many installation works can be done on your own. To do this, it is worth getting acquainted with how the sewage system works. This will allow you to choose the best option taking into account your existing capabilities and needs.

Do-it-yourself cesspool for a toilet in the country

When making a pit with your own hands, a concrete structure is most often poured.

For this:

1. A cesspool is dug, the size of which depends on the number of visitors;
2. A layer of sand and crushed stone is poured onto the bottom;
3. Formwork is installed around the entire perimeter;
4. A reinforcing belt is installed, made from reinforcement of sufficient diameter;
5. The concrete mixture is being poured. The structure is left until the mixture has completely hardened. After this, the design is completely ready for subsequent design.

What kind of country toilets are in our assortment?

Let's take a closer look at the models of toilet cabins that are most popular when installed in the garden. For dachas, 4 popular classes of toilet stalls are most relevant:

1. Economy _ Inexpensive option. The set includes a cabin, a seat and a lid on the tank, a paper holder, and a coat hook.
2. Standard . In addition to what is available in the Economy version, the Standard bio toilet has a high-strength door with a special fastening.
3. Luxury _ Additionally equipped with a washbasin, sink, mirror, towel holder and a comfortable soft seat on the tank.
4. Station wagon . This is a version of a toilet with a flat floor; it can be further modified and equipped as desired.

You can buy a toilet for your dacha in any design. You need to proceed from your needs. For example, Standard may be suitable for builders, and Universal may be suitable for summer residents.

Cesspool for a toilet in a country house made from a barrel

Very often, a large-volume metal barrel is used to construct a cesspool.

To install it you will need:

1. Prepare a rectangular pit, the width of which is numerically equal to the diameter of the barrel.
2. Dig a hole, making its bottom two-stage. A small platform is provided for a metal container. The height of the step should be equal to the length of the bayonet of the shovel;
3. Prepare the barrel by making a large number of holes near the bottom;
4. Pour crushed stone or other similar material into the bottom of the hole to make the bottom more porous. The thickness of the formed layer must be at least 30 cm;
5. Place the prepared barrel on the platform. The space around is filled with porous material;
6. Place waterproofing material on top of the drainage layer. In the absence of a special film, you can use available materials: roofing felt, oilcloth, slate. It should completely eliminate contact with the drainage of the soil poured on top. In this case, it will be able to effectively remove moisture, ensuring its distribution over a larger area;
7. Cover the insulating material with soil, completely filling the free space;
8. Pour crushed stone about 20 cm thick into the bottom of the barrel.

Toilet cabin "Economy Lux"

If you are looking for the most comfortable option for the convenience of you, your family and guests, you should definitely pay attention to this model. It was created with the basis for the above-mentioned Economy cabin, has exactly the same design in terms of strength and durability , but its main difference is in the huge number of accessories .

Inside there is a washbasin, a sink, holders for towels and toilet paper, a soft seat for a storage tank, a soap dispenser, and a coat hook. In general, all the necessary accessories for carrying out sanitary and hygienic procedures in the garden in absolute comfort , this is a kind of toilet in the form of a house with all the amenities .

This model has a higher price compared to other country toilet cabins, but this is quite justified, because no other model has such a rich set of accessories. Your guests will ask where to buy such a cabin, and your neighbors will admire the multifunctional design with a stylish design.

How to make a cesspool for an outdoor toilet from a plastic barrel

After a certain period of use, the metal container begins to corrode and gradually collapses. This negative phenomenon can be prevented by replacing a metal tank with a plastic one. Such products have less weight, which greatly simplifies installation work and transportation.

Installation work includes:

1. Digging a hole whose dimensions are slightly larger than the dimensions of the selected plastic container. The gap between the walls of the barrel and the ground should be about 15 - 20 cm. This is enough for the product to be lowered into the hole without hindrance;
2. Bottom drainage using sand and pebbles. The thickness of the formed layer should be 10 – 15 cm;
3. Reinforcement of the bottom using a mesh and subsequent pouring of cement mortar. Special metal loops are placed in the concrete and fixed;
4. Lowering a plastic container into a cesspool. Attaching the container to metal loops at the bottom to prevent it from being pushed out by groundwater;
5. Filling the space between the walls of the container and the ground with a mixture consisting of five parts sand and one part cement with its obligatory compaction.

Criteria for choosing a septic tank

To install a septic tank for a toilet in a country house, in addition to the methods of work and materials used, it is necessary to take into account other important points: · water consumption (productivity); · frequency of stay - seasonality; · depth of sewer pipe exit from the building; · length of the sewer route; · remoteness of a roadside ditch or ravine, directly from the treatment station itself; · hydrogeological conditions; · cost of construction and operation.

Cesspool for a toilet made of concrete rings in a private house

It takes time for concrete to completely harden. The use of concrete rings allows you to reduce the duration of installation work. In this case, the assembly of the structure is carried out according to the type of constructor.

The work is performed in the following sequence:

1. A hole is formed. Its size should be numerically equal to the diameter of the concrete rings plus 15 - 20 cm;
2. At the bottom of the pit, drainage is made of sand and crushed stone 20–25 cm thick;
3. Concreting the bottom of the prepared pit is carried out. In order not to waste time, it is worth installing the ring with a cast bottom first. This will allow you to avoid waiting for the concrete solution to completely harden;
4. Rings are installed sequentially at the bottom of the cesspool. The end surfaces should be treated with cement mortar before they are placed inside. If products with a locking lock are selected for arranging the structure, you can refuse to use the solution. Adjacent elements are tightened together using a band of bolts and steel plates. Thanks to them, it is possible to prevent the elements from moving relative to each other;
5. Bitumen is applied to the inner surface of the concrete rings. The formed layer provides additional insulation of the structure;
6. Fill the space between the rings and the wall of concrete rings;
7. A special concrete cover is installed. Instead of such an element, thick metal sheets can be used, in which a hole of a suitable diameter is formed.

If difficulties arise using special equipment. In this case, installation is performed by coasting. After the first ring is in place, use a bucket and shovel to remove the soil that is inside the ring. As a result, as the soil is excavated, the ring will begin to sag under its own weight.

Once the first ring is level with the ground, install the second and excavate the soil, allowing the ring to fall down. All other elements are mounted in the same way.

Advantages of plastic septic tanks

Plastic containers for septic tanks are the most popular option, and a large number of companies are engaged in the production of these products. Such storage tanks for sewerage have many advantages:

You need an inexpensive plastic sewer tank - use Eurocubes

• relatively low cost of the product;
• long service life, since the material is not subject to rotting or corrosion and, as everyone knows, plastic in nature takes an incredibly long time to decompose, which in our case will only play into our hands;
• maintenance of containers is reduced only to periodic cleaning; no additional processing of the plastic is required;
• the light weight of the product, which makes it possible to install a container for a septic tank made of plastic even without the use of special equipment;
• high resistance to mechanical stress, which is practically not inferior to metal;
• plastic containers for sewerage have excellent tightness;
• you can install the container in any type of soil;

Important: Due to its low weight, a container for a plastic septic tank for sewerage can “float” to the surface under the influence of groundwater. Plus, if seasonal floods are a common occurrence in your region, you should definitely think about additional fixation of the tank.

How to make a slate drain pit

Wave slate is often used to strengthen the walls of a cesspool. To do this, rectangular holes are dug, the dimensions of which should correspond to the dimensions of the selected slate.

The first sheet is placed on the bottom. The next one is laid on top of the first one so that the waves of the sheets touch at the highest points. The slate is laid in this way until the topmost point of the prepared pit remains 0.3 - 0.4 m.

A drain pipe is inserted into the upper quarter of the formed structure. To strengthen the structure, broken pieces of slate are used and the empty space is filled with soil.

Attention! The choice in favor of wave slate is made when constructing a toilet on an area with sandy soil.

Instead of wave slate, you can use flat slate. The order of work in this case is slightly different.

For this:

1. A hole is dug, the dimensions of which should correspond to the dimensions of the selected sheets;
2. Two metal frames are being welded. For their manufacture, corners are used;
3. The first is placed on the bottom;
4. Pipes are welded to the corners of the lower frame. The second part of the pipe is welded to the corresponding corners of the upper frame;
5. The slate is screwed to the manufactured frame. Self-tapping screws are used to secure it;
6. The space between the pit wall and the slate is filled with soil and thoroughly compacted.

Possible options for cleaning systems

The simplest and cheapest option is to organize a classic filter cesspool. However, most owners prefer to abandon this option of a septic tank for a toilet in the country. This is due to its serious disadvantages: · infiltration into the soil poses a danger to the environment; · unpleasant odor interferes with comfortable living; · although the pit is a filter, the accumulation of solid residue requires periodic cleaning. Therefore, many opt for more modern, safe and convenient options.

How does a septic tank work for a toilet in a private house?

The operating principle of a septic tank may differ. It all depends on its design.

Highlight:

• Sealed tanks. The design is similar to a cesspool, but at the same time they are completely sealed. Can be used to collect various wastes, but require periodic cleaning;
• Septic tanks with filtration fields. Focused on treating wastewater from a large number of consumers. Inside such structures, heavy fractions fall out in the form of sediment and are processed by biobacteria. The liquid enters the filtration fields;
• Biological treatment stations. The most effective option, providing a high degree of wastewater treatment.

You can arrange a cesspool for a toilet in various ways. Each option has its own advantages and disadvantages. By comparing them, it is easy to choose the appropriate option for your site.

Cost of purchase and operation

There are no problems in determining the purchase price for a serial septic tank. It is somewhat more difficult to calculate the cost of building a septic tank with your own hands. However, a general assessment allows us to conclude that storage devices are cheaper than overflow and filter devices, and savings during construction are rarely more than 30%.

A septic tank for a toilet in a country house or in a private house is a non-volatile device, the costs of its operation mainly consist of two items: · costs of cleaning the chambers; · maintaining performance.

According to the first, the storage septic tank, which often requires regular cleaning using ionization equipment, becomes the record holder in terms of costs. This completely cancels out his price gain.

Costs for maintaining operability relate mainly to filtering and overflow septic tanks. They are necessary to maintain the vital activity of colonies of anaerobic bacteria (for intensive decomposition of organic sediments, adding special biomaterial to the chambers will not hurt) and to ensure the filtering capacity of the fillers of infiltrates and filtration fields.

In total, given that the filter layers of soil will need to be replaced once every 5-10 years, their operation will be cheaper.

Selecting a storage tank for sewerage

To choose the right vessel for a septic tank in a private country house, you need to take into account a number of circumstances:

1. First of all, the depth of soil freezing is taken into account. To prevent the barrel and its contents from freezing in the winter cold, most of it must be located in the ground below this level.
2. Each vessel for collecting waste water is equipped with a neck through which it is serviced. So, it should also be completely hidden in the ground. Only the top cover comes out, otherwise it will also freeze. Having measured the overall dimensions of the container, it is necessary to add about half a meter to them, which will give an idea of ​​​​the size of the pit.
3. The size of the septic tank is determined by its volume, and this also needs to be calculated. The approximate water consumption per person per day is 180-200 liters. Therefore, the total volume of a septic tank for a family of three should be at least 600 liters. If we are talking about a house that is visited periodically, you can use a smaller tank. Its cost and installation costs depend on the size of the container.
4. When installing it on a site, it is necessary to take into account the possibility of a tank truck approaching it. The length of the hose on it has its limitations. It is better if the pumping point is located at a distance of no more than 6 meters from the installation site of the equipment.
5. Unlike a cesspool, a septic tank is sealed, so standards for placement at a certain distance from most objects do not apply to it. But it is better to install it no closer than 10 meters from a residential building.
6. The use of plastic septic tanks will eliminate the use of waterproofing, but the place where the pipes are connected to the tank must be carefully sealed.

It should be noted that a resident of a private house, as a rule, is not limited to installing a storage tank. Typically, a storage barrel is only the first link in creating your own wastewater treatment system.

Next, a tank is installed for biochemical treatment of wastewater, which greatly accelerates the process of decomposition of harmful components, increasing the throughput of the installation. Cultures of aerobic and anaerobic bacteria are sold in abundance in specialized stores, and they are not difficult to purchase.

In addition, the accelerated decomposition of biomass in septic tanks is facilitated by aeration, as a process of oxidation of wastewater. Drain water treated in this way is cleared of contaminants by 95-98% and becomes suitable for use for technical purposes - for watering a garden or washing a car. If necessary, such water can be released directly onto the ground, where it undergoes additional purification.

The VOC system can be pumped out once every 2-5 years depending on the amount of sludge that has accumulated and is inhibiting the filtration rate.

Advantages and disadvantages of plastic containers for sewage

Before purchasing a container for a private home, you need to clearly determine the ultimate purpose of its installation. The number of residents is taken into account. For a family of two or three people, a storage tank is quite sufficient, and for a country private house with five or more people living, the installation of a local treatment system (VS) will be required.

Before purchasing a tank, you should understand the strengths and weaknesses of its use. Positive qualities include:

1. Easy installation - a factory-made vessel can be installed on site in literally a matter of hours.
2. Using plastic containers is much cheaper than other storage options.
3. Simple maintenance, which consists of calling a sewer truck twice a season. With full quality pumping of accumulated wastewater, the cost of the operation ranges from 12 to 18 thousand rubles. depending on the equipment used and method of execution. Vacuum pumping will be more expensive. In addition, the road is paid; in the Moscow region, costs will range from 20 to 50 rubles per kilometer.

In accordance with the rules of SanPiN, pumping out of storage tanks is carried out at least twice a year.

1. Storage tanks can be installed on any type of soil, since their use is not associated with wastewater filtration.
2. The service life of such installations is 20-30 years.

A lightweight plastic tank can be installed even by one person, but this property also has a negative point - the vessel can float if the groundwater level is high at the installation site; find out how to install it in case of high groundwater. Therefore, when installing such a system, it is necessary to use an anchor slab made of solid concrete. The container is attached to it with steel cables or strips on anchor bolts.

The disadvantages include the following points.

1. When using most types of containers, the smell still penetrates into the environment, creating an unpleasant atmosphere.
2. The need for regular cleaning of the waste container.
3. Limited capacity of the vessel, which in any case must be cleaned twice a year.

Plastic products are quite durable, especially if it is a fiberglass-reinforced version. But the material is fragile and susceptible to impacts, which requires special care during installation.

Portable toilets

Cumbersome stationary options that require large-scale construction work have been replaced by modern portable toilets. They are represented by several types, which differ in the method of waste disposal.

Bucket toilet

Cheap, simple, but not hygienic toilet. It is a bucket with a lid-seat. Problems arise at the waste disposal stage. As an option, use a garbage bag previously placed inside. In the case of this type of toilet, the method of disposal is up to the owners.

Waterless Mechanical Toilet

A device that packs waste into a sealed plastic bag at the touch of a button. At the back or side there is a reservoir for collecting plastic bags. A waterless mechanical toilet in a wooden house does not require communications, water, or electricity.

Electric toilet

Due to the innovation of technology, such a toilet is not common in the dacha segment.

Working principle of combustion electric toilet

The role is played by the high cost and the need to connect ventilation and electricity. The waste is dried from moisture and collected in a storage tank, which is cleaned after complete filling.

Peat toilet

Here the waste is covered with peat, which allows waste to be disposed of on site. If there is ventilation, a peat toilet is the most profitable and environmentally friendly way of disposal.

Chemical

It consists of a tank with water containing chemical reagents and a tank for storing waste. Disposal is carried out on site through a chemical reaction - a high-quality and naturally clean method. Requires a supply of chemicals, connected water supply and ventilation are desirable.

List of chemicals for the toilet

Not all liquids intended for dry toilets are equivalent in terms of safety. For example, let's look at some of them:

1. Unsafe mixtures based on formaldehyde. It is advisable to drain the toilet waste away from the garden, garden, and home.
2. Solutions containing ammonium. They become harmless after 3-7 days after being poured into the toilet tank.
3. Preparations that are truly completely safe contain active bacteria. The result of their effect on fecal matter can be used as fertilizer for a summer cottage.

The most suitable for a toilet without a sewer in a village house are preparations containing biologically active bacteria. One of the disadvantages of a dry toilet is that a complex of expensive chemicals is often used as a reagent, which is unsafe for health and expensive. Otherwise, the disadvantages are the same as with all portable toilets: the small capacity of the lower tank, the need to constantly empty it of its contents. A chemical dry toilet can be used as a toilet for permanent residents in a country house. It is also indispensable for people with disabilities. It is worth adding that there are not only portable dry toilets, but also stationary ones. If you wish, you can always install a toilet in your dacha without sewerage - a bio-cabin either on the street or in a separate room. The modern market offers a wide variety of booth models. For example, Bioecology Eco Light (winter), Eco Light MTK 1 (winter), Economy, Tandem. They are made of frost-resistant plastic and are designed for mid-range temperatures. They are autonomous structures, independent of communications. They are easy to assemble on the site with your own hands. Caring for the booths involves routine sanitation.