Construction of a well without a caisson with your own hands: options and brief instructions

The caisson still remains the main method of constructing a well. But there are such conditions that it is impossible to install a caisson, or it is simply unprofitable in terms of cost.

In what cases is water supply made without a caisson?

• If you need to save money.
• If there is no room for a caisson.
• If you only need a summer option.
• If the site has clay soil and/or high groundwater.
  The caisson can be flooded by groundwater, which is dangerous for the automation. What are the alternatives? We will talk about four options for constructing a well without a caisson:
• Summer version, without automation.
• Summer version with automation and pipe supply to the house
• Winter version with wooden box.
• Winter version with borehole adapter.

Construction of a well is not an easy job. One article is not enough for a detailed description, so we will give only general recommendations. You can ask questions and get detailed information at the Zagorod company.

Main specifics

The list of equipment for a water well that will be required for installation is well known to drilling specialists. But if you decide to carry out the work on your own, then you need to know the basics of well construction. In short, the main work will be drilling a mine and installing the necessary equipment.

A water well must be equipped with:

• Caisson;
• Pumping station;
• Power source (electric motor);
• Well head.

Layout diagram relative to the house and water layers

Installation of the necessary equipment
Arrangement activities provide:

• Supply of clean water;
• Protection from negative environmental influences (frost, rain erosion, etc.);
• Ability to properly maintain all devices.

Places for installing all equipment must be provided in advance, at the very beginning of work. Installation can be done both inside the house and directly near the well. The installation option at the well says that it will be necessary to build a special room to accommodate all the necessary devices.

The construction of an additional building is more convenient from the point of view of convenient placement of all elements of the pumping unit necessary for the operation of the well. You can also place water outlet and electrical equipment there.

Auxiliary devices:

• Water filtration system;
• Pressure control system;
• Pressure control system;
• Automatic control system.

If the well is located near the house, this will save on drilling work, as well as on the purchase of pipes. This arrangement also reduces the power consumption of the pump for transporting water.

All drilling work also has its own nuances. The equipment used depends on many factors, such as the composition of the soil, the location of the well on the site, and the water supply scheme.

Machine drill

Decorative well at the dacha: a stylish and beautiful element of site design + 102 photos

A well on a summer cottage will look just great. This is a symbol of life-giving moisture, which a person simply cannot do without.

Of course, with communications connected to the house that provide water supply, there is no point in digging a well, because the water in it may not be suitable for use.

In addition, this is a very costly and lengthy process. However, it will look great as a decorative element.

Application of a decorative well

In addition to decorating a site, a well can serve many practical functions. Using your imagination, you can find different uses for such a structure, for example:

• The design can hide the irrigation outlet;
• You can hide hoses and a sewer hatch;
• Insulating well head;
• You can organize an inventory warehouse in the well;
• You can make a flower bed out of it;
• The shape allows you to build a fountain in it.

As we see, you can arrange such a structure in a variety of ways. In addition, it can be decorated in different ways, using decorative stones, figurines, flowers, etc.

Materials for making wells

The first thing to consider when choosing materials for a decorative well is the size of the product.

Depending on this, you will need to create a massive structure or you can limit yourself to a small building that can be completed in a few hours.

If you plan to make a small well, you can easily use what is left over from other projects, such as boards or roofing. However, attention should be paid to stylistic unity.

To do this, it is necessary to use the same or similar materials from which the house was built. They should be combined with each other in color and texture.

Tree

In addition to the size, you need to take into account the shape of the future well. If you plan to make a round structure, then it is better to use concrete, brick or stone, while straight edges can simply be made from boards, beams and other wood.

It is worth noting that for do-it-yourself work, wood is the best option; it lends itself best to processing, installation and maintenance.

This is a natural material and will harmonize perfectly with any part of the garden, be it gazebos, pergolas or arches, or flower beds, ponds or rockeries.

Wooden buildings are reliable and can last a very long time, but some maintenance will be required. A wooden structure will allow the well to fit into the overall ensemble of the site.

Concrete, stones, brick

Stones, bricks and concrete are the most durable materials that will last a very long time. On the one hand, structures made from it are very reliable, but their creation will take a lot of time and effort.

On the site, they will look like an independent element, for which it will even be possible to allocate a separate territory, which can be decorated accordingly.

If the well is made of stone, then a large amount of vegetation will easily fit here, emphasizing the naturalness of the surroundings.

A path paved with flat stones or convex, smooth cobblestones, framed by bushes and strewn with moss, leading to the well will look simply magnificent, creating a mesmerizing atmosphere.

It will be possible to create a separate picture for the brick, aging its texture and giving it history. The structure can be decorated with a variety of bright colors, creating a contrast between an abandoned well and a well-kept garden.

The concrete structure can have a perfect round shape, which can be lined with decorative flat stone or mosaic. This will create a medieval image, entering which creates an atmosphere of romanticism and mystery of what is happening.

The perfect setting for such a well will be lush shrubs and various decorative figures or abstract forms that will force the imagination of your guests to create the most incredible, fabulous images.

Photos of decorative wells at the dacha

Water supply diagram from a well

The required water supply option must be asked at the very beginning of the project. The set of necessary equipment, as well as the composition and quality of the supplied water, will depend on the specific scheme. There are various water supply options.

The simplest type for a summer residence is the Abyssinian well, with a water depth of up to 15 meters. Water in such a well can be supplied through a narrow pipe.

Feeding system

The intermediate type, these are wells with up to 50 meters of rising water, is well suited for private households. Their main disadvantage is their short service life due to poor thermal insulation.

And the most difficult, both from the point of view of work and from the point of view of arrangement, is the option of an artesian well, with a depth of 50 to 200 meters. It is well protected from frost and other influences. But drilling such a well is not cheap, and there is also the problem of self-flowing of such wells, that is, the water goes up without a pump. This imposes certain conditions on the arrangement. There are two ways:

• Install the caisson;
• Equip the head with a tap from which water will constantly flow.

Caisson scheme

Scheme with a tap
Installing a caisson is attractive because it establishes a closed water supply cycle. The source is reliably protected by the reservoir from dirt and weather conditions. For private households, you can use cylindrical tanks with a diameter of up to 100 cm and a height of up to two meters. The positive aspects of modern caissons are:

• Saving free space in the house;
• Lack of global thermal insulation work;
• Corrosion protection;
• Plastic molded housing.

General form

Installing a caisson
The option with a tap is often used for irrigation. To protect the well from freezing, it is necessary to divert the self-flowing flow along the slope away from the well. The water from such a spring will not freeze at the outlet, since its temperature is +3 - +5 degrees. It is impossible to shut off water in such a well; this will lead to the head being destroyed and water pouring into the area. When arranging this type of arrangement, you need to take a competent approach to planning and become well acquainted with the theory.

Outflow of water

Which well construction option is better to choose?

Most of our clients choose arrangement with a caisson.

Advantages of this technique:

1. Protection of equipment from dust, water, low temperature.
2. Saving free space in the room.
3. Convenient access for system maintenance.
4. The walls muffle the sound of the pumping station.

Plastic tanks last longer than metal ones. Plastic does not deteriorate over 50 years of operation of an artesian well. A metal tank covered with waterproofing will last a maximum of 25 years. And the plastic one takes 2 times longer.

Caissons "Aqualux Plast" are made of durable plastic. The seams are processed by extruder welding. The frame is reinforced with stiffening ribs. The plastic tank can withstand strong soil pressure. To protect against floating, there are hooks on the bottom. The tank is also anchored using a concrete ring.

Significant Features

Before starting any work, you need to conduct a reconnaissance of the groundwater level in your area. The position of the main protective structure of the well (on the surface or underground) will depend on its level. To protect the fertile layer of the earth, it is necessary to use cluster drilling. This option reduces the level of dumping work during drilling.

A very important part is the choice of pump and its installation. The pumping station plays the most important role in the well system. A rational choice would be to use a submersible pump, since its performance indicators are among the best, plus it is well suited for this type of water supply system. The choice depends on many factors, the main of which is depth, for example, with a well depth of 33 meters, it is necessary to maintain a pressure of 1.4 to 3 atmospheres.

Location options

Equipment option

Before installing the pumping station, it is necessary to pump the well and clean it of dirty water. The pump, with its hermetically sealed power cable, must be completely immersed in water, but not touch the bottom of the well.

Operating pressure is maintained and adjusted using a hydraulic accumulator. The spacious storage capacity allows you to control the pressure in the system. There are varieties of different volumes for different categories of systems.

Water supply plan

Hydraulic accumulators

The main protective element of the deep part of the well is the head. It is equipped with fastenings for installing water pipes and other equipment.

Head design elements:

• carabiner for securing the pump;
• flange for attaching the head to the shaft;
• O-rings;
• mounting bolts;
• upper and lower head caps.

Complete view

Design
After installing the head, the column is cut off. It must be cleaned and treated with an anti-corrosion compound.

General view of the well system

Options for water distribution in a private house

There are two main ways to connect consumers to the water supply; when choosing an option, the volume of water consumed and the required pressure in the system are taken into account.

Serial (Tee) connection. The scheme consists of a common hot and cold water supply pipe, from which water is supplied to the consumer using tees; it is economical and easy to install. Its disadvantage is a sharp drop in temperature when several consumers are connected to the line, and the water pressure in the system of the last of them will be much lower than normal.

Parallel (collector) connection. With this method, pipes are routed separately from the common collector to each point of consumption. The system is characterized by uniform water pressure and temperature throughout, but requires a large number of pipes, which complicates installation and is more expensive than the previous option.

Rice. 3 Series and parallel water distribution

Selection and installation of equipment for water supply

Water supply equipment differs in type and installation location. The main elements are:

• a pump that is lowered into the well or placed on the surface;
• automation that ensures turning the pump on and off, protection against overloads;
• hydraulic accumulator - a container for storing water.

The hydraulic accumulator is of open and closed type. The open one is installed at the highest point of the building. A closed (membrane) hydraulic accumulator that maintains constant pressure in the water supply is preferable.

Surface pump for shallow well

Surface equipment is easy to install and is cheaper than submersible equipment. The scope of application is limited by the depth of the water level. If it exceeds 8 m, it is difficult for the pump to capture water. The maximum depth is 10 m , but in this case the equipment operates with minimal productivity and takes a long time to start up.

The most rational solution is to install a pumping station, equipped, in addition to the pump, with a membrane tank and automation. Buying a three-in-one set is cheaper than purchasing individual components.

Surface pump.

The station is placed on the surface, the hose from it is lowered into the well. This simplifies installation and maintenance. The water intake pipe is small in diameter, which allows the station to be used in an Abyssinian well.

Submersible pump for deep well

From a depth of more than 10 m, water can only be raised with a submersible pump. Some products are equipped with automatic control, protection against voltage surges, and dry running.

Mandatory elements of water supply equipment for a private home are a hydraulic storage tank and automation. The deep pump ensures that water rises to a great height, so there are no restrictions on the choice of location for the membrane accumulator. It and the automation can be placed at a great distance from the source of water intake - this has little effect on productivity. An excellent choice of location would be a utility room, where it is dry and clean.

The deep pump is mounted by lowering it into the well to a level below the water level along with other devices:

• cable for supplying power to the electric motor;
• plastic pipe;
• stainless steel safety rope.

Fastening is carried out to the well head.

Pump selection and installation

In order to properly equip a water well after drilling, select the type of electric pump with the necessary characteristics; the choice of a caisson well or adapter when arranging a water supply source depends on its parameters. All electric pumps, based on their location relative to the well, are divided into two large groups, differing from each other in their parameters.

Superficial

Surface centrifugal pumps with an efficiency of about 50% are used more often than other types to supply water; for most models, the suction depth does not exceed 8 m, so they are placed next to the well or at a short distance from it.

With a large distance between the pump and the source, each vertical meter of water column is converted into 7 m horizontally with a pipe diameter of 1 inch, taking into account hydraulic losses in fittings, bends, and tees. Thus, a surface pump can be placed not only in a caisson, but also in a house if the water level is close to the soil surface, for example, with a mirror (static level) of 5 m, the electric pump can be installed in the basement of a cottage 20 m from the well.

Free-standing external pumps are very rarely used in domestic water supply; they are usually operated as part of stations where an electric pump, a hydraulic accumulator, a pressure relay and a pressure gauge are placed on one frame, connecting them through fittings and flexible hoses.

Surface household pumping stations are capable of pumping water up to 5 m3/h with a maximum pressure of about 50 m, which makes them suitable for supplying water to a house with a family of five people.

Centrifugal surface pump - internal structure

Submersible

A large group of deep-well pumps operate using a centrifugal design; such units have the highest efficiency among all types, reaching up to 65% for high-tech expensive Grundfos models. In terms of parameters, submersible pumps are significantly superior to external ones; the volume of pumped liquid in household models reaches 20 m3/h, the maximum pressure reaches 300 m thanks to the use of a number of stages with impellers that successively increase the pressure.

On the pumping equipment market there are other types of submersible electric pumps with a different operating principle; their list consists of the following types:

Vibrating

Popular household models of the electromagnetic principle of operation, sucking up water due to the reverse and forward movement of the built-in piston connected to the armature of the electromagnetic coil. The maximum supply volume of vibration pumps does not exceed 1.5 m3/h, the pressure reaches 80 m with an efficiency of about 35%.

The average price of vibration pumps is around 1,400 rubles; in everyday life they are not used for constant water supply due to low technical characteristics, they are used mainly for irrigation, drainage work, pumping wells, filling pools and reservoirs with water, and other economic purposes. Vibrating pumps can pump out very turbid and dirty water without damaging the electrical part and housing (that’s why they are used for pumping wells), but the rubber piston and return valve are worn out by sand particles and may require replacement after a while.

Centrifugal and vibration submersible electric pumps - internal structure

Screw

Units of this operating principle are often called screw units; their operating principle is reminiscent of a household meat grinder, in which the liquid moves due to the rotation of a spiral screw. Screw models are not so popular on the market; their advantage is the ability to work with viscous and turbid media. The efficiency of screw units does not exceed 50%, the flow is up to 15 m3/h, the pressure reaches 100 m.

Vortex

In this type of electric pump, water is sucked in by the blades of the impeller through an opening on the side of the housing and pushed out by the impeller through the side pipe in the same plane. The distance between the blades and the walls of the working chamber is minimal to reduce hydraulic losses, so vortex models only work with clean water from artesian wells. The efficiency of such devices is also low (about 50%), household units have average technical parameters with the highest flow of 5 m3/h and pressure of 100 m.

Screw and vortex pumps - design

Well protection from atmospheric influences

An open source of water intake is exposed to frost, rain and melt water, which threatens operational failures and breakdowns. To protect the installation, various design options are used.

Option 1: above-ground pavilion house

Above ground pavilion house.
The structure in the form of a pavilion house can be seen next to private houses, more often at industrial water wells. Its main purpose is to protect against exposure to weather conditions. It is advisable to build the room from brick, concrete, logs. In addition, sandwich panels and foam blocks are used. Insulation is carried out with heat insulators; it is additionally advisable to deepen the building to reduce heat loss. How far the structure should be lowered into the ground depends on climatic conditions; in some regions, the construction of such a protective structure is impractical.

Option 2: placing the source inside the building

The building is erected over a water source after drilling a well. You can use a basement, utility room, greenhouse, garage as a place for arrangement.

The advantages of this method are that the equipment is protected from cold and moisture and protected from thieves. Installing and servicing devices inside the building is simple and convenient. There is no interference for residents: the sound of a running pump cannot be heard through a closed door.

Option 3: underground caisson well

Various materials are used to make protective structures:

1. Plastic. This caisson is a round or rectangular structure, which is characterized by durability, tightness and good thermal insulation. The product is convenient for installation due to its light weight, but this quality creates difficulties with high groundwater levels. To prevent the container from floating, it is fixed on a pre-constructed concrete base.
2. Metal. Metal caissons are often made by hand from steel 4 mm thick. The sheets are welded, then treated on all sides with an anti-corrosion agent and painted.
3. Reinforced concrete rings. Their installation is fraught with difficulties due to their heavy weight. Strong pressure on the soil leads to distortions and subsidence of the structure. The advantage is durability.
4. Brick. Brick structures require reliable waterproofing. Only well-burnt red brick will do.

Underground well-caisson.
Caissons of all types are mounted in the same way. Instructions for installing plastic structures:

1. They dig a pit, the dimensions of which are 30 cm larger than the protective device on all sides. The depth of the pit should be such that the neck rises above the ground by at least 10 cm. If there is a threat of the structure being pushed out by groundwater, the bottom is concreted.
2. A caisson is prepared, in the lower part of which a hole is cut for the well casing pipe, and in the side part - for the water supply pipe. If it is planned to place a hydraulic accumulator in the tank, the hole in the bottom is shifted to the side so that there is enough space and it is convenient to service the equipment.
3. Lower the structure to the bottom, stringing it onto a pipe. The casing pipe is cut, the main pipe is installed, and the joints are sealed.

The work is completed by backfilling the soil around the tank walls and installing the necessary equipment. The neck is insulated.

Piping a water well when connecting a pipeline

There are several ways to connect a well to water, taking into account the financial component of the work, climatic conditions, quality of installation and parameters of the well, and the type of pumping equipment.

Open (summer version)

The most budget-friendly way to connect a water well is suitable for those who visit a country house or dacha only in the warm season. When installing it, the following work is carried out:

• Cut off the upper end of the casing, leaving a small section above the ground.
• A head is attached to the mouth, onto which an electric pump with a cable, power cable and a cut pressure pipe is suspended.
• Using adapter couplings, a water line is connected to the electric pump and supply voltage is supplied to it, while the pipes and power cable are located on the surface.

Summer connection has a lot of disadvantages, which include poor protection from freezing in winter, the location of interfering pipes on the surface, and a high risk of theft. When using a submersible deep-well electric pump, all equipment will have to be located in a house or a closed shed, which is also not very convenient.

Sometimes homeowners use the summer option in winter by running a heating electric cable inside the water line, burying the pipeline in the ground to a shallow depth, or protecting it from the cold with various insulation materials.

Fig.5 Well piping using a pit

Pit

With the help of a pit, they provide better protection and piping of the well than with the summer option; the arrangement of the pit consists of the following stages:

1. They dig a hole of the required depth to protect the highway from winter cold (the depth of soil freezing in the Moscow region can reach 1.5 meters).
2. Its walls are covered with brickwork, expanded clay concrete, gas silicate or concreted using formwork.
3. Upon completion of installation, the walls, if possible, are covered with external waterproofing in the form of expanded clay or gravel; sometimes they are insulated by hiding the insulation under the inner lining or screwing it to the walls in the case of using Penoplex.
4. The top of the pit is covered with a concrete slab with a hatch, sometimes a metal structure is used, the floor is covered with crushed stone, a mixture of sand and gravel, and less often a screed is made.

When installing a pit, you should be careful about the groundwater level - its poor protection from moisture will lead to constant flooding of the pit; for the same reason, it is not recommended to install pumping equipment in the pit.

The electric pump is connected to the water intake source using a standard borehole head, while the water main runs under the surface of the earth.

Fig.6 Types of caissons and examples of pit construction

Construction of a caisson for water supply to a private house from a well

A popular method of piping a well is the installation of a caisson pit, and there are three main ways of arranging it:

1. Using concrete rings. The cheapest type of caissons is mounted on several concrete rings with a hatch in the upper part; the main disadvantage is poor tightness, leading to the passage of water, which saturates the concrete surface. The bottom of the caisson pit is usually covered with a screed, and its device has the following advantages:

• Easier and faster installation compared to a pit.
• Automation and pumping equipment can be placed inside the caisson pit.
• Depending on the equipment being installed, you can choose any size and depth.

1. Metal caissons. A metal device will cost more than concrete structures, but it is characterized by higher tightness; to protect against corrosion, the metal must be covered with waterproofing on the outside. If you have a welding machine, you can weld a metal box yourself.
2. Plastic. Today these are the most expensive types, they are characterized by high tightness, long service life, and good thermal insulation of the structure. As in previous types, the upper part of the well casing pipe is closed with a cap on which an electric pump with a supply cable and a pressure pipe is attached.

Dimensions of the well protection structure

The dimensions of the protective structure must be such that the installer can easily carry out his work.
Dimensions depend on the installation location of the equipment. If it is not located above the wellhead, 0.8 x 0.8 m is enough for a person to lower the pump. If a pressure accumulator or station is supposed to be installed in the caisson, add at least 0.5 m in front and behind.

If reinforced concrete rings are used to construct a protective structure, the minimum acceptable size is 90 cm, provided that the equipment will be located in the house. Inside the ring with a diameter of 150 cm, medium-sized equipment is placed, leaving space for the installer to work. A circle with a diameter of 200 cm allows you to place a tank with a volume of 200 liters inside.

How to beautifully design a well: designers' recommendations

Since ancient times, wells have adorned home areas. But if previously they performed a utilitarian function - they served as sources of water, now they are more of a decorative element of landscape design. The designers' recommendations will help you decorate the well beautifully and harmoniously fit it into the style of the site.

The design of the well must meet certain requirements. Firstly, it must be in harmony with the surrounding landscape and the exterior style of a residential building, and secondly, if it is used for its intended purpose, as a source of water, it must be protected from possible ingress of sewage, sediment and other contaminants. Finishing can be done using stone, wood, brick, flowers. In the end, the well can simply be plastered or painted.

If the well is planned to be decorated with wood, then it is better to choose hard species that are not afraid of the negative influences of the environment. In any case, the selected material must be wear-resistant, insensitive to temperature changes and precipitation. If, upon completion of finishing, it is plastered or painted, its service life will increase and it will retain its attractive appearance longer. You can build a house over the well itself - this will further decorate it and protect it from precipitation.

The location of the well must also be chosen in accordance with certain rules. First of all, it is necessary to determine the quality of the soil in this area and what its composition is, since all kinds of sources of pollution should be located no closer than 30 m from the future well.

You can make a key, shaft or tube well.

• The first type, the key one, is the simplest and most economical option. It is possible if there is a natural source of drinking water on the site - a spring. A structure is installed above it. In this case, you need to remove the top layer of soil - soil (10-20 cm).
• The second option - a shaft well - is suitable if the water does not come to the surface of the earth, but lies shallow - up to 25 meters. When building such a well, you need to take into account the volume of incoming water and correlate it with the needs of the family. This is necessary to avoid water stagnation.
• The tube well resembles the artesian version. Its construction uses a pipe with a diameter of 25-45 mm, which has a sieve-shaped tip for filtering water.

When constructing a well, you must first decide on the task it will perform. If it is just a decorative element of the landscape, then the list of works will be reduced to three points: choosing a location, actually installing and finishing. If the well will serve as a source of water at the dacha, then its installation will require more time. In addition, the well can also serve as a drainage structure that will drain excess water.

In the last two cases, first of all, you need to study the soil features on the site, the depth of the water (if there are no open keys) and decide on the type of structure. After this, you can proceed directly to the installation. Pre-drawn drawings can make the task easier, which will display all the necessary data - depth, diameter, selected type, materials used in construction. It’s a good idea to provide this plan with sketches - they will help you visualize what the well will look like and whether it will fit into the existing landscape.

The drafting can be entrusted to professionals. But creating it yourself will not take much time and effort.

You can decorate the well with various materials - this will not affect its functionality, but can give it a certain appearance. For example, stone will help create structures in the style of a Swiss chalet or the Middle Ages. The unusual appearance of this material, both natural and artificial, makes a special impression. Decorated with plants and flowers, it will resemble medieval buildings and create the appropriate mood.

When finishing with wood, you need to remember that this material is sensitive to moisture. It will need to be either coated with protective compounds or painted, otherwise it will not last long. The structure in the spirit of a village well looks beautiful. It can be chopped, equipped with a brace - a crane.

This structure is most often made from rounded logs in the shape of a quadrangle. You can cover a ring of concrete with a tree, and add pebbles or small expanded clay between them - this technique will decorate the structure and protect the tree from exposure to water.

To recreate a truly rustic atmosphere, the well can be equipped with a roof covered with shingles or thatch, the roof posts can be covered with beautiful carvings, a cart wheel can be used instead of a handle, and a wooden bucket can be used instead of a bucket. It must be made with high quality, not allow water to pass through and not spoil its taste. Designs decorated with tiles can be made in a modern or Mediterranean style. In the latter option, it is important to choose the right color scheme - most often it is a combination of blue and white. You can add bright accents, such as yellow.

If concrete rings were used when constructing the well, they can be plastered, painted or covered with siding. For painting you will need paint that is resistant to moisture and the environment.

If the well is decorative, then you can decorate it with fresh flowers. Getting water through thickets of plants will not be very convenient, but as a decoration this option will look very beautiful. You can use ampelous (climbing) species, decorative leaves or flowering ones. You can create a spectacular composition by combining several types of plants so that throughout the entire season the well is surrounded by beautiful vegetation. It’s good if their flowering period occurs in turns - some have faded, others are blooming.

The space around the well should also not be ignored - it should harmoniously unite the structure with the rest of the landscape, creating a single composition. Depending on the decoration of the well itself, the surrounding area can be decorated with flowers, plants, laid out with tiles, stones, paving stones, or covered with sand. Paved or sandy paths leading to the well will look good - then it will become the compositional center of the entire site.

Arrangement of a well in a country house includes several stages, and finishing is the last of them. First of all, the place where it will be located, the type of its structure and the method of water supply are selected (if the well is water-bearing and not decorative).

It can be equipped with a collar or a so-called crane - a lever for lifting water. In the first version, the rope on which the bucket is tied is attached to the gate and, by winding it around the gate, water is lifted from the bottom.

The cap is the upper, protruding element of the concrete rings or frame - can be open or closed with the help of a house.

To build a house over a well, you need to stock up on:

• edged board 100x25 mm;
• wooden beam 100x80 mm;
• door hinges;
• bitumen or roofing felt mastic;
• flat slate;

• self-tapping screws, nails;
• hacksaw;
• jigsaw;
• plane;
• bayonet shovel;
• water level;
• tape measure;
• pencil.

Below is the sequence of work.

1. First of all, the ground near the mine is leveled and covered with 5 cm of pebbles, watered with water, and compacted well.
2. Then they begin to assemble the frame - boards are used for this. The racks are taken out to a level place, boards are nailed to them, which will serve as the upper and lower frame frame. The boards are fixed with screws. Connect the remaining racks.
3. The assembled frame is installed around the well and the assembly is completed.
4. Then proceed to the rafter system. After the rafters are combined, the entire structure is assembled into one.
5. The next step is the door. It is made in the roof of the house, hanging on hinges.
6. When everything is ready, move on to the sheathing. Using bitumen mastic, roofing felt is fixed, after which flat slate is fixed.
7. At the end, the entire structure is covered with boards - the house is ready.

All this can be easily done with your own hands. The help of professionals may only be needed when directly digging a well or drilling a well, as well as when installing concrete rings.

There are some nuances here too. For example, a vibroform is often used to make well rings. It is better to choose such products - they have increased wear resistance and durability, and are easier to tolerate vibrations.

Then all that remains is to decorate the outside of the well so that it looks attractive and harmonizes not only with the landscape, but also with the rest of the buildings.

Nowadays, wells rarely fulfill their original function - water supply. Most often they serve simply as a decorative element of the site. In this case, their design depends only on the taste of the owners. An experienced designer, of course, will help create a unique object that will please the eye, but this may require considerable funds. Homemade wells are in no way inferior to the work of experienced professionals.

First of all, you need to decide on the style of the future structure, because the choice of material will depend on this.

Rustic style is, of course, wood. In this case, any natural available materials are well suited - straw, dry grass, living plants, wood. Carvings, cornices on the roof above the well, clay pots and a bucket as an alternative to an iron bucket will look harmonious.

A concrete well can be plastered, painted and painted. Plant motifs, images of flowers and animals are well suited.

The main criterion when choosing materials is their resistance to moisture and temperature changes. They must withstand all these impacts well and retain their original appearance.

In addition, do not forget about the maintenance of the well.

To ensure that the water in it is always suitable for drinking, you need to follow some rules.

1. As mentioned earlier, any sources of possible water pollution should be located at a distance of at least 30 m from the source.
2. If the well is open (without a house), then it must be equipped with a lid.
3. It doesn't hurt to install a fence, especially if there are small children in the house.
4. In winter, the well must be insulated so that the water in it does not freeze. For this purpose, straw, hay, and sawdust are used. Any synthetic materials are unacceptable.
5. The well must be cleaned as necessary.
6. After the well is cleaned, it must be disinfected.
7. As old equipment wears out, it must be replaced with new one.

A well can be decorated not only with wood or stone - brick is also good for this purpose. It has high strength, density, resistance to mechanical damage, and attractive appearance. Among the disadvantages is the ability to absorb moisture and collapse, so the finished masonry must be coated with a hydrophobic varnish.

The wooden well is an old Russian classic. You can install a roof over it, and put “lace” of wood along its edge. The posts that support the roof can also be carved. Carved decorative posts can be installed at the corners of the well.

If the well is decorated with stone - natural or artificial, then it will have a special character: with a touch of antiquity. Moss or succulents will look good between the stones - this will add additional age to the structure: it will look exactly like an ancient building, several decades old.

The roof over the well can be made in the form of a pagoda - the result will be a structure in an oriental style. In this case, the head itself should be calm and discreet, so as not to distract attention from the unusual roof.

A well buried in greenery and flowers is a good solution if its role is decoration. Here you can use different types of plants, combining them in such a way that some bloom after others. You can put climbing species along the vertical posts - you will get a bright, spectacular, unusual composition.

In the next video you will see the assembly of a carved house for a well.

Ensuring the tightness of the casing pipe

The casing pipe must be protected from the penetration of dust and melt water, which are sources of microorganisms. For sealing, a special device is used - a head made of cast iron or plastic, capable of withstanding a load of 200 kg. The device consists of:

• flange;
• covers;
• carbine;
• cuff;
• fasteners.

The head is selected according to the diameter of the casing pipe and, after being mounted on it, is fixed with a flange. The entrance cover has holes for entering the power cable and water pipe. All connections to pipes and cables are reliably sealed with rubber seals. A gasket is installed under the cover before fixing it with bolts.

How to choose water supply equipment

Autonomous water supply is equipped with the following set of equipment:

1. Pump
   . Submersible or surface models are used to supply water from a well.
2. Automation
   . Designed to control the pump, which protects the engine from overloads.
3. Hydraulic accumulator
   . It can be open or closed. Closed membrane tanks are considered more convenient, thanks to which the operating pressure is maintained at the same level. To install an open-type container, select the highest section of the water supply. Most often this is the attic or the ceiling of the top floor. Closed drives have no restrictions on the installation location.

The procedure for how to equip a water well with your own hands is directly influenced by the specific location of the equipment and the specific modules that will be used for this.

Using a Downhole Adapter

An alternative to an expensive caisson or house is a well adapter. The design allows you to bring the water pipe into the house directly from the well. The device has the form of a collapsible fitting and consists of external and internal parts. The water main is connected to the outer one, and the hose from the pump is connected to the inner one. Both parts are fixed to the wellbore, repeating its shape. Tightness is ensured by double sealing.

Using a downhole adapter.

When choosing an adapter, you should consider the following:

1. The structure is located below the soil freezing level, and in the event of a breakdown, excavation work will be required.
2. The casing pipe comes to the surface and is closed with a lid. An electrical cable is inserted through it.
3. In winter, the well may freeze through the casing, so it is wrapped in heat-insulating material.
4. Installation of equipment is possible only in the house.
5. Installation of the adapter requires a special key.

Arrangement methods

There are 3 main ways to improve a well at your dacha with your own hands and protect it from external influences. The essence of each is equipment around its mouth in a small, dry and warm room.

Method 1 – well in the house

The most reliable and inexpensive way to protect and improve a drinking water well is to place it in a technical room or in the basement of a residential building with winter heating.

The equipment in the house will not freeze and will not be stolen Source abissinskii-kolodets.ru

See also: Catalog of companies that specialize in water supply, sewerage and related work.

This solution greatly simplifies the installation and maintenance of equipment, eliminates the risk of water freezing in pipes and melt water and precipitation entering the mouth. There is only one minus - the equipment creates a background noise. But when installed in an isolated room, it does not create inconvenience to the residents of the house.

Advice! If you have a heated greenhouse, a warm garage or a utility room in the yard, you can install a well in them.

Ideally, you need to think about how to properly install a water well on a site at the stage of designing or building the foundation of a house, in order to drill a well before the walls and roof appear. However, developers rarely think of such a solution, and then it becomes more difficult and expensive to implement. But it's also possible.

Tips for constructing a well

At a dacha where people do not live in winter, it is recommended to place the equipment in a caisson, where the temperature is always above zero. Before leaving, they drain the water , even if they are away for several days in winter. In residential homes, the best place for equipment is in the apartment building. It is dry and warm, convenient maintenance.

Other useful tips:

1. In areas with high groundwater levels, it is better to use ground protection structures or an adapter.
2. To avoid damaging the water supply to the house, use a protective casing. This is especially important in quicksand, heaving and rocky soils. The electrical cable is always placed in a pipe.
3. The water supply circuit must include a check valve for the pump and a filter for the accumulator tank.
4. Shut-off valves are used to connect hydraulic equipment. This makes repairs and maintenance easier.
5. It is necessary to constantly monitor the pressure in the accumulator and, if necessary, pump it up.

What is a harness

It is important to connect the well correctly for an autonomous water supply. You cannot simply leave the upper outlet of the system in the open air, attaching temporary pipes to it (unless we are talking about a country house where they live in the summer). In a country house intended for permanent residence, the pipeline should be made more fundamental. To do this, pipes are laid deep in the soil so that they pass below the freezing level.

By piping we mean a whole range of works, which is designed to solve a number of problems related to the connection and operation of pumping equipment and pipelines.

Piping the well yourself.

Such events include:

• installation of pumping equipment, for which electric pumps are used, which must be lowered into the borehole (using a cable they are secured either to the adapter cover or to the head);
• organizing uninterrupted water supply at home - for this, a pressure pipe from the electric pump is connected to the water supply;
• protection of wells from freezing, pollution and precipitation;
• arrangement of the pipeline and launch of the system.

The required well piping scheme is selected.

It includes the following steps:

• arrangement of a caisson, pit or adapter;
• designing the appropriate design of the water supply system;
• Selecting a pump and filter that meets the user's needs.

At the final stages, the hydraulic accumulator is installed and the engine is started.

Installation of underground caisson

The most common way to equip a well in a country house with your own hands is to use a protective well above the well. In technical language it is called a caisson. The advantage of such a well is that there is no clutter in the area: only a small hatch remains on the surface of the earth. For thermal insulation of an underground structure, an order of magnitude less money is spent than in the case of a ground pavilion. The technology for installing a caisson involves burying it below the soil freezing level. As a result, in winter the object will be partially heated by heat from the ground.

A wide range of ready-made factory-produced caissons are available for sale. To reduce the cost of the task of how to equip a water well, a well is built on your own (read: “How to make a well for a well with your own hands - instructions”). Factory models do not require additional preparation before installation. All you need to do is dig a hole of the required depth and lower the structure into it. The tank is already equipped with special technological holes. Using sealed cuffs, water supply and power wiring are placed inside them.

The material used to manufacture finished wells is steel or polymers. Metal products demonstrate greater strength, resistance to frost heaving and impact. They are allowed to be installed in areas with unstable soils that sometimes shift. Plastic containers are not afraid of corrosion, moisture and condensation. The only drawback of ready-made caissons for well improvement is their cost. This is compensated by quick installation and no need for additional waterproofing.

To save money, some well owners decide to build a caisson themselves. If everything is done correctly, this design will be even stronger than its factory counterpart. However, it is necessary to prepare in advance for significant time and labor costs. The simplest way to build a well at home is to immerse two well rings made of concrete into the soil. The structure is decorated with a lid on top: it is more convenient if it has a hatch with a neck. A layer of concrete is laid at the bottom.

The waterproofing procedure for a reinforced concrete caisson usually causes problems. For external installation, use bitumen rolls or high-quality mastic. To implement this approach, the pit must be significantly wider than the dimensions of the caisson. Internal insulation involves high-quality sealing of seams and treatment of walls, bottom and lids. For these purposes, polymer-cement material is used.

You can equip a well with your own hands not only with the help of factory rings. Sometimes monolithic or brick structures made of high-quality burnt red brick are used. Another budget option on how to properly equip a well is to use small-sized concrete blocks. An old metal barrel will also work for this.

Well adapter

The best way to improve a well is to use a pavilion or caisson. It is these structures that can most reliably protect the source of water supply. The disadvantage of these solutions is their high cost. If the task is to equip a well on the site of a reputable cottage, such expenses are quite understandable. It’s a different matter when a well meets the needs of a small rural house or cottage. As a rule, the owners of such buildings cannot boast of huge funds.

A budget option for installing a well on a site is a well adapter. It makes it possible to connect the supply pipe directly with the well casing. This eliminates the use of a caisson. There is also an inconvenience: if there is a need for repairs, the adapter needs to be dug out (it is placed in a trench during installation). As practice shows, this reliable element rarely fails.

The downhole adapter includes two main blocks:

1. Outer. It is located on the outside of the casing pipe. Its purpose is to provide switching with the water supply system supplying liquid to the house.
2. Interior. Serves to connect the pipe from the pump.

The outer and inner blocks have a radius configuration that follows the contours of the trunk. To connect the elements to each other, a paired hermetic seal is used. To equip a well with your own hands, you need to install the adapter below the soil freezing depth.

During installation, the following steps must be strictly followed:

• The casing pipe must be pulled out so that its end is at a small height above ground level.
• To protect the casing from contamination, the upper edge is covered with a cover with a hole for the electric cable feeding the submersible pump.
• In winter, if the temperature drops significantly, there is a real threat of cold penetration into the well: it begins to move along the casing pipe. In regions with harsh winters (where frost reaches -20 degrees), additional insulation of the well is practiced. To do this, it is covered for the winter with spruce branches, hay, straw and other natural materials.

This option, how to equip a well with your own hands, is superior to the use of a caisson due to its low cost. The disadvantages of using the adapter include the difficulty of maintenance, the risk of mechanical damage to the electrical wiring and the not very reliable mounting of the pump. In this case, instead of a traditional cable, direct fixation to the water pipe is used. The equipment used can only be placed inside the house. Before you equip a well with your own hands using an adapter, you need to acquire a special wrench with a long nozzle. To implement the process, some technical experience and accuracy will be required.

Submersible pumps

If the mine depth exceeds 10 m, the equipment for the water well includes a submersible pump. In order to correctly select the optimal pump model and calculate the height of its suspension inside the casing, appropriate experience will be required. The list of mandatory water supply devices includes a hydraulic accumulator and an automatic module. Submersible pumps can lift water to a greater height than their surface counterparts.

In addition, there are no restrictions on the installation point of the closed hydraulic accumulator. The membrane tank and control units can be installed at any distance from the well: the distance to the water intake point will not affect the efficiency of the system.

It is advisable that the installation location of the devices be dry and warm. For these purposes, a suitable room is selected inside the house, basement or summer kitchen.

Why is it necessary to build a well?

The arrangement of a hydraulic structure on private territory is carried out in accordance with regulatory documentation. Experienced employees of specialized companies are well aware of all the rules and standards. Professionals begin to equip the source with the simultaneous installation of pre-selected water supply equipment after completion of drilling work and before connecting the internal water supply system. With their help, Abyssinian tube wells, simple up to 50 m and 100-meter artesian water sources are created.

Common types of wells Source hotel-a.ru

Proper improvement of a well, regardless of its type, allows you to ensure:

• necessary conditions for connecting and performing maintenance of additionally installed equipment;
• protection of personal hydraulic structures, pipes and devices from freezing;
• the purity of an independent water source by excluding dust, dirt, rain and melt water from entering it.

In addition to the submersible pump, all equipment of an autonomous water supply system is installed near the well or in the house. To install devices near the source, a technical room of estimated area is first constructed. A special small room in the house will also not be superfluous. The room is created at the entrance of the water supply to the building. It is convenient to install and maintain a water supply pump and other equipment. A special room is also used to supply electrical power to technical devices and enter pipes into the water source.

Technical room for downhole equipment Source specteh-vrn.speczakaz.info

Well caisson dimensions

The protective structure over the underground water source must allow the installation of all necessary auxiliary water supply equipment. The installation location of technical devices affects the dimensions of the caisson well. It is recommended to choose a protective structure where a person can “turn around” when performing work.

If it is decided to install the equipment in a caisson well, the distance from the front and side of the pumping station or accumulator to the walls of the structure must be at least 50 cm. When creating a well for drinking water in a private house, it is necessary to provide in advance in the building design a technical room with a minimum size of 80* 80 cm. It would be better, of course, if it were more spacious.

Features of using a surface pump to supply water

The price of surface pumps is much cheaper than submersible ones. In addition, they are easier to install and maintain. To solve the problem of how to equip a well, it is most rational and economical to use the option with a “three in one” pumping station (read: “Do-it-yourself diagram of connecting a pumping station to a well - instructions, tips”). This module is equipped with a surface pump, a membrane tank with a volume of 20-60 l and automation. Only the suction hose is inserted into the wellbore. This greatly simplifies the installation of a well in the country and maintenance of equipment. Due to its small diameter, the hose used can be used inside Abyssinian wells. Because the shaft is too narrow, it is impossible to lower a submersible pump into it. The most significant disadvantage of pumping stations of this type is the limitation on the height of lift of the suction liquid.

As a rule, surface installations are able to lift water from a depth of up to 10 m. This circumstance introduces certain restrictions on the use of equipment. The scope of its use is wells and shallow wells.

If the well arrangement scheme provides for an upper placement of the pump, they try to install it as close as possible to the water intake point. Otherwise, there will be a need to overcome resistance in the area between the well and the pump installation point inside the house.