Sewage system and device in an apartment building

Naesta 15 Jan 2013

Sanitary and epidemiological rules and regulations SanPiN 2.1.2.2645-10 9.1. When using residential buildings and premises it is not allowed:

- use of residential premises for purposes not provided for in the design documentation; - storage and use in residential premises and public premises located in a residential building of hazardous chemicals that pollute the air; - performance of work that is a source of increased levels of noise, vibration, pollution air, or violating the living conditions of citizens in neighboring residential premises; - littering, pollution and flooding of residential premises, basements and technical undergrounds, staircases and cages, attics.

Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation of August 13, 2006 on approval of the rules for maintaining common property in an apartment building No. 491: 10. Common property must be maintained in accordance with the requirements of the legislation of the Russian Federation (including on the sanitary and epidemiological welfare of the population, technical regulation, protection of rights consumers) in a state that ensures: a) compliance with the reliability and safety characteristics of an apartment building; b) safety for the life and health of citizens, safety of property of individuals or legal entities, state, municipal and other property; c) accessibility of use of residential and (or) non-residential premises, common areas, as well as the land plot on which the apartment building is located; d) respect for the rights and legitimate interests of the owners of the premises, as well as other persons; e) constant readiness of utilities, metering devices and other equipment included in the common property , for the provision of public services (supply of communal resources) to citizens living in an apartment building, in accordance with the Rules for the provision of public services to citizens; e) maintaining the architectural appearance of an apartment building in accordance with the design documentation for the construction or reconstruction of an apartment building. Information on changes: Resolution Government of the Russian Federation dated May 6, 2011 N 354, paragraph 10 of these Rules is supplemented with subparagraph “g”g) compliance with the requirements of the legislation of the Russian Federation on energy saving and increasing energy efficiency.

11. The maintenance of common property, depending on the composition, design features, degree of physical wear and tear and technical condition of the common property, as well as depending on the geodetic and climatic conditions of the location of the apartment building, includes:

d) cleaning and sanitary cleaning of common areas, as well as the land plot included in the common property;

Resolution of the State Construction Committee of the Russian Federation dated September 27, 2003 N 170 “On approval of the Rules and Standards for the technical operation of the housing stock” 3.4.1. The housing maintenance organization must ensure: temperature and humidity conditions in basements and technical underground spaces, preventing condensation on the surfaces of enclosing structures; cleanliness and accessibility of passage to all elements of the basement and technical underground;

So: 1. Sanitary and epidemiological requirements for residential buildings and premises, SanPiN 2.1.2.2645-10 dated June 10, 2010, paragraphs 9.1, 9.2;2. Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation of August 13, 2006 on approval of the rules for maintaining common property in an apartment building No. 491, paragraph 10;3. Resolution of the State Construction Committee of the Russian Federation dated September 27, 2003 N 170 “On approval of the Rules and Standards for the technical operation of the housing stock” clause 3.4.1

How to use the resource.

Question - Answer → Housing and communal services → sewer water floods the basement of the house

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Causes of clogging and their consequences

By understanding the reasons, you can always prevent their occurrence. The most common and constant of them are:

Wear of existing communications or initially incorrectly selected pipe diameter.
Violation of laying technology. In horizontal sections, the slope must be strictly observed, accepted at 2 cm per meter of pipeline.
Incorrect installation of the toilet. During installation, you need to use the solution rationally and ensure that it does not narrow the diameter of the drain passage.
The drainage system is not sealed. All sewers are designed as self-cleaning. If a large object gets into the pipe and gets stuck in a horizontal section, the water pressure increases. Due to this, the garbage will fly out, acting as a ruff that sweeps away all other contaminants in its path.
Overgrowing of the risers and water supply of the house with deposits over a long period of operation. Over time, roughness and irregularities appear on the walls of the pipes, to which hair, pieces of paper, pieces of cotton wool, and small debris cling, gradually filling the entire passage. Grease from dishwashers and kitchen sinks first accumulates, and then hardens, crystallizes and forms entire growths.

And of course, the main cause of blockage is the negligent attitude of the residents themselves. The drainage system is the pipes through which wastewater flows from apartments to the basement or cellar, then into sewer chambers and along large-diameter highways, covering the distance to treatment facilities. Many careless users constantly use the sewer system as a garbage chute, throwing rags, clothes, household waste, and personal hygiene products through the toilet, washbasin or bathtub. Debris gradually accumulates at turns, in wells, reduces the performance of the system, contaminates the chambers and, ultimately, leads to blockage.

It is important to note! Blockages can be minor, which special services can temporarily remove in a relatively short period of time. But there are also large-scale ones, in which case the drains first flood the basements, and from the flooded lower room, then flow out, filling the courtyards

In this case, the main victims are usually the residents of the first floors.

A sewer pipe can also become clogged inside the house, then water will go up the risers and begin to flow out through the bathtub, toilet, and washbasins. Removing such a blockage will take a lot of time, and during this time the drains will fill the entire apartment with an unpleasant odor, ruin the furniture and decoration, and may lead to the need for major repairs.

Ventilation

Since this type of sewage system is classified as domestic, it must be equipped with a ventilation system. The ventilation outlet is usually directed upward from a shaft specially designated for the system or mounted on the roof.

The operation of ventilation in the case of a riser is ensured by the pressure arising in the internal part of the sewer and ventilation system (for more details: “Ventilation of a sewer riser, design rules”). Polluted air is pushed by gravitational pressure into the atmosphere, and oxygen access is provided through inspection wells, which are not sealed.

The exhaust ventilation element should be installed as far as possible from windows and balconies: the minimum distance according to standards is 4 meters. In addition, sewer ventilation should never be combined with a chimney. The dimensions of the riser outlet channel and the dimensions of the exhaust pipe must match. You can often find a design in which the role of ventilation is played by drain valves.

There are situations when the installation of a sewer riser is not accompanied by ventilation.
Of course, creating such a system requires a very accurate and verified project, but if it is drawn up correctly, these costs will be recouped by reducing the cost of sewer installation. When laying water supply and sewerage through one shaft, the sewer riser is located in the corner, and the water supply is mounted next to it. When installing a riser in a room where the pipe may be damaged, the installation site must be protected.

Removing the blockage

At first glance, it is difficult to determine whether it will be possible to clean the pipes on your own, or whether you can do without the help of specialists.

If you cannot clear the blockage in the sewer in an apartment building using steel wire, a plunger, or chemicals, contact the utility service.

We deal with the problem ourselves

In a situation where the pipeline capacity leaves much to be desired, you can try to solve the problem on your own. There are many ways to clean sewer pipes:

chemical;
mechanical;
hydrodynamic;
traditional methods: soda, salt and boiling water, soda and vinegar.

It is very effective to remove blockages in the sewer system in an apartment using chemicals.

It is important to remember safety precautions and use gloves, a mask, and goggles.

User action algorithm:

Pour or pour the required amount of product into the drain hole.
Add 300-500 ml of water.
Wait 10-15 minutes.
Flush the drain well with water. 2-4 buckets will be enough.

The chemical “Mole” is especially popular; you can also find drugs from Domestos, Mr.Muscle and others in stores. Chemicals should be used only as a last resort, since the composition contains acid or alkali. You cannot use different means at the same time so as not to cause a reaction.

Another answer to the question of what to do if the sewage system in an apartment building is clogged is to clean the pipes mechanically. You will need a wire, brush, cable or plunger. The choice of tool depends on the complexity of the situation. If the blockage is not serious, it is enough to use a brush.

Communications are often cleaned using a plunger:

The drain hole is covered with a device.
Let the water run so that the bowl of the plunger is covered.
Check that there is no water underneath.
Without lifting the plunger from the sink, make 15-20 vertical movements.

The cable has a rigid structure, so it must be used carefully. After completing the steps listed above, you need to open the water. If the liquid leaves quickly, there is no blockage, otherwise the procedure should be repeated. Experts recommend this method to those who do not know what to do if the water in the toilet does not drain.

A more complex method is hydrodynamic cleaning. To do this, it is necessary to use equipment that creates a powerful jet of liquid. Hydrodynamic cleaning is performed using devices with spiral nozzles of various diameters. They are placed near sinks or toilets, a spiral is inserted into the drain hole, which then begins to rotate and breaks through a blockage of any density. Only professionals can perform such cleaning.

Who to contact if your drain is clogged

Almost every resident at least once in his life has had the question of who to call if the sewer in his apartment is clogged. The choice of specialist depends on the situation:

There is a clog in the toilet or a pipe has burst in the bathroom - you should call the plumbing installers of the housing department or another management organization.
Sewage wells are serviced by the city water utility.
The tenant clogged the pipe, causing several apartments to flood at once. In this case, the emergency service must respond to an emergency call.
Dispatch services are responsible for repairing and cleaning pipes. Their numbers are indicated on utility bills.

If for some reason you cannot find the dispatcher’s phone number, you should contact the city administration or emergency service hotline. Operators will tell you who to call when the sewer is clogged.

Sewage system in an apartment building

When installing plumbing equipment in a multi-story building, it is necessary to carefully study the plan of the entire building. This is especially important if:

installation of a plumbing fixture is not provided for by the current sewerage scheme in an apartment building
the transfer of plumbing to another place is not initially provided for by the design of the structure;
the sewer pipe in the toilet is replaced with a different diameter and size, or pipes of a special configuration and shape are installed.

Violations of the sewerage system plan in one apartment can lead to deterioration in the functioning of the waste disposal system of the entire building. Therefore, it is strictly forbidden to make changes to the sewage system in the apartment. SNIP instructions categorically prohibit the redevelopment of sewer pipes.

The sewerage system in an apartment building is a complex structure, the wiring of which, as a rule, starts from the kitchen, from where it goes through the bathroom to the toilet. From the toilet, wiring leads to a common riser with access to the roof and basement. The sewer riser is ventilated through the roof, and through the basement all drains enter the sewer well. This system meets all SNIP requirements and makes it easy to remove any blockage in the basement.

Drains from all apartment water supply systems are connected to a common riser - a vertical pipe in the toilet. At the bottom, the riser goes into a horizontal communal sewer, from where the waste flows into the well, the hatches of which we see every day on the streets and in courtyards. From here, all wastewater enters the general sewerage system, and ultimately ends up in the well of the city-wide treatment plant.

Sewage system in an apartment building norms and rules

Its specialists must service the yard drainage system.

There are also emergency services. You can turn to them when you manage to clog your neighbor’s pipe and he floods several apartments. Such services respond to calls in case of emergency.
Telephone numbers of dispatch services that carry out sewer repairs and cleaning must be on receipts for utility bills.

ATTENTION! If in an emergency it is difficult to find the dispatcher’s phone number, you can dial the hotline number operating under the city administration or the rescue service. https://www.youtube.com/embed/LNbtRPzX3Cg

There you should provide the contact information you are interested in.

Before the arrival of the masters, you should also follow a certain algorithm. If liquid appears on the ground floor from sewer pipes or in the apartments above, in the basement, it is advisable to warn other residents and turn off the water for a while

There you should provide the contact information you are interested in. Before the arrival of the masters, you should also follow a certain algorithm. If liquid appears on the ground floor from sewer pipes or in the apartments above, in the basement, it is advisable to warn other residents and turn off the water for a while.

Where to go if the basement of an apartment building is flooded?

If water is found in the basement of your own home or entrance, you need to notify the emergency service. Residents make a call to the control room and call locksmiths from the management company to their home. Once they arrive, they will fix the problem and eliminate the cause of the leak, if it is possible to do this on site. Next, the act is drawn up. It must be kept by the party that suffered until compensation for damage caused during the flooding of the basement of an apartment building.

Attention! If you have any questions, you can chat for free with a lawyer at the bottom of the screen or call Moscow; Saint Petersburg; Free call for all of Russia.

If the management company does not take any measures to eliminate the consequences of the flood in the basement, you should contact higher authorities.

Method 2 thermochemical and thermal cleaning

First of all, don't be upset. Even timely installation of plugs with filters is not a complete guarantee of preventing blockages. After all, these devices retain debris, but fatty substances that enter the drains from dishes are deposited on the pipes, first creating a film, and then, as the lumen narrows, a real obstacle.

Important! When tightening the siphon, do not apply much force: the plastic nut is quite easy to damage. And the pipes themselves, when too much force is applied, too

I truly envy people who have never encountered clogged sewer pipes. It’s not very pleasant, at first you don’t understand what’s happening, why is there still water in the sink? Then it dawns on me that something went wrong. And it turns out that the sewer is clogged, but where and with what needs to be clarified. And then remove the blockage.

Probably, few of the readers are familiar in detail with the sewerage system in an apartment building. In my article I am going to fill this gap by describing all the elements of the wastewater system, its typical problems and methods for eliminating them.

A typical material for well walls is reinforced concrete rings with a diameter of 1000 mm. Steel brackets are fixed in the wall, allowing you to go down to the bottom level. The bottom is concreted to prevent untreated waste from entering the ground; There is usually a recess in the concrete - a tray that directs wastewater into the next well and then into the collector. Using these means, through rotational movements of the cable, deposits are crushed and debris is removed. In this case, greater efficiency will be achieved if a small amount of water is supplied into the pipe to flush it. It is mechanical cleaning that is used to remove rags, branches, stones, remains of building materials, silt and grease deposits, etc.

Imagine that a bone from your borscht can slip through your toilet and... get stuck on the first floor, forming a sewer blockage. And then something terrible will happen for the owner of the apartment on the first floor who is not to blame for the clogged pipes - everything that drains into the sewer system on all floors, including you, will flow out of the toilet of this unfortunate apartment.

Country house in Yukhnovka. A section of pipe was excavated and a hole was drilled in it to clear the blockage. The customer said that his son-in-law (programmer) wanted to dig up the entire pipe to clean the sewer with his own hands. On time, he says, I stopped him. In addition to excavating the pipe, a plumbing cable was purchased for 340,000, which did not help in any way, and did not have a chance.

With such sewer blockages, if the pipes in the basement are not cleared, the owner of the apartment on the 1st floor will suffer - it will be flooded with sewage. Otherwise, the basement will suffer and will also flood. I advise apartment owners to insure their property and real estate.

Partial or complete blockage of the drainage system is one of the completely inevitable companions of our life in the city. Sewer blockages happen very often, it could be your fault or the fault of your neighbors if you live in an apartment building.

If your drain is clogged and simply pouring boiling water into the drain does not bring the desired result, it’s time to move on to more serious action. To begin with, you can pour a special cleaning agent into the pipe, but if this home method does not restore normal water flow, you should use more radical methods.

The technology is very simple:

Completely cover the hole for draining the water with the bowl of the plunger so that no air gets into it, and if it does, then as little as possible.
Fill the bathtub or sink with water so that it completely covers the bowl.
Check to see if water is leaking under the plunger. If not, you can start cleaning.
To do this, make 10-20 sharp vertical movements (pushes) using the handle at a slight angle, then quickly remove the plunger from the water.

How to properly use public sewerage?

Unfortunately, not everyone knows the rules for using sewerage. In addition to the standard standards, which imply the use of all plumbing units for their intended purpose, keeping them clean, the correct installation of sinks, toilets and household appliances, taking into account the correct installation of the entire sewer system in the apartment, the selection of pipes of the required diameter and angle of inclination, it is prohibited:

dump food waste, glass, wood, metal, fuels and lubricants, acids, construction waste, etc. into the toilet;
any leakage of the sewer system and pipeline must be repaired immediately;
It is forbidden to use water more than is necessary for personal needs: if there is no need for water supply, the tap must be tightly closed;
If any sewerage channel is clogged, operation of the pipeline system is prohibited until the blockage is completely removed;
overhaul of the sewer chain prohibits the operation of the sewer system for the duration of the repair.

Important! Sewerage repairs in an apartment building are mandatory when the pipeline wears out. Usually residents are informed about this by notices on all entrance doors.

In the event of inadequate functioning of the sewer system, when any section of the sewer network is clogged, residents of the house have the right to write a statement to the relevant utility services (state sewer service and housing office), but on the condition that these statements contain the signatures of more than half of the residents of the entrance with personal data and apartment numbers, indicating specific complaints about the operation of the system.

The sewage system in a multi-storey building is a complex wastewater disposal system. The use of innovations in design makes it possible to operate the sewerage system for a long time without the occurrence of emergency situations. But the efficiency of the system is also affected by the correct installation of all its elements during their repair and replacement. Therefore, you should always follow the rules for installing plumbing elements and carefully monitor the wear of parts of the sewerage system.

Where to go and who is to blame

Who to call and where to go in an emergency when the sewer is clogged and there is a threat of flooding:

If there is a blockage in the toilet, a pipe has burst, the riser is clogged, the first floors or basement are flooding, you need to call the fitters of the Housing Office or the management company. Sewage wells are under the attention of the water utility. He must also service the yard sewerage system. Emergency services are called in emergency situations when water floods several floors at once in a continuous stream. The telephone number of dispatch and emergency services that carry out repairs and control of sewage systems must be listed in receipts for payment of utility services.

It is important to know! Before the workers of the above services arrive, you need to try to fix the problem yourself, warn other residents about the danger, and, if necessary, turn off the water in the riser. If the sewage system becomes clogged and clogged constantly, the reason for this is the negligent attitude of the services that do not carry out preventive maintenance and cleaning in a timely manner.

Finding the culprits and investigating what caused the clogged sewer can take a lot of time

If the sewage system becomes clogged and clogged constantly, the reason for this is the negligent attitude of the services that do not carry out preventive maintenance and cleaning in a timely manner. Finding the culprits and investigating what caused the clogged sewer can take a lot of time.

In the event of a serious blockage of the sewer system, resulting in flooding and significant damage to property, it is necessary to call representatives of the management company, repairmen, and plumbers, eliminate the contamination and record the consequences. You can remove small blockages yourself by purchasing chemicals at the store or preparing solutions at home. It should be remembered that timely preventive measures, monitoring the operation of the sewerage system and proper handling will prevent breakdowns and eliminate negative consequences.

The sewer in the basement is constantly clogged.

Its specialists must service the yard drainage system.

There are also emergency services. You can turn to them when you manage to clog your neighbor’s pipe and he floods several apartments. Such services respond to calls in case of emergency.
Telephone numbers of dispatch services that carry out sewer repairs and cleaning must be on receipts for utility bills.

Operation and Maintenance

Soviet sewerage was installed from cast iron pipes, which, although they had a rough inner surface, served for decades. Their replacement and installation required time and effort. Plastic products are replacing cast iron ones, since their installation and replacement during repairs is facilitated by the use of fittings of various configurations, and the smooth internal surface does not retain waste.

Blockages in the sewer system, when installed in compliance with SNiP, are caused by fatty deposits that settle in cooled drains along with other waste. In such cases, cleaning with manual or mechanized devices is required. For minor blockages, chemical cleaning methods are effective.

Often, missed items end up in the sewer and cause a blockage; they cling to uneven surfaces, delaying the movement of wastewater, and become overgrown with debris. With the addition of fatty deposits, the passage narrows and the sewer becomes clogged. You have to remove the obstacle using mechanical cleaning machines. Cleaning is carried out from two sides: through inspection hatches in the basement and from the side of the sewer well.

The legislative framework

Most residents of apartment complexes ask questions about who is responsible for the water supply, who to contact if breakdowns occur in the system, and who is obliged to compensate for the damage. In addition, in force majeure situations, partial or major repairs of the pipeline are required. The law helps you figure out who to contact in each of these cases.

As follows from Art. 36-37 of the Housing Code of the Russian Federation, the management company (MC) or housing and communal services are responsible for maintenance and repairs. Current expenses are covered by the monthly utility bills of the building's residents. However, if the user himself is to blame for the breakdown, he will compensate for the damage caused.

The fact that housing and communal services are obliged to restore the operation of water supply systems in apartment buildings is also indicated by the Federal Law of July 21, 2007 No. 185-FZ “On the Fund for Assistance to the Reform of Housing and Communal Services.”

Is a vent pipe needed in a one-story house?

All multi-storey buildings must be equipped with drainage channels. Without them, it is impossible to solve the problem of gas distribution. Sometimes the use of this element is also relevant for private houses.

If the building is located there are several plumbing units used simultaneously. If the riser has a cross-section of fifty millimeters, even a small mass of waste can break the water seal. Therefore, in this situation, a fan channel is also needed. If on the site of a private house the septic tank is located near the building, you need to equip it with the ventilation devices in question.

To quickly connect the washing machine to the drainage system, install a separate siphon with a channel for it. Ventilation of the riser will be required if the main line is constructed incorrectly.

How to clean a sewer in an apartment building

Important

If the sewer riser is out of order and needs to be repaired or replaced, then the management company must carry out and pay for this work from funds contributed by the owners.

The homeowner submitting the application must be a bona fide utility payer in order for his application to be accepted and considered. After reviewing the application, a convenient time for the work is agreed upon with the owner.

The riser is replaced by employees of the management company or contractors hired by the management company.

How much does it cost to replace a sewer riser in an apartment? The owner is not required to pay additional funds when replacing the riser or branches from it before the first connecting connection.

The slope of the pipe is at least 1 centimeter per linear meter; changes in slope, and especially counter-slopes, are strictly prohibited, as they will inevitably lead to constant blockages.

Since the outlet is laid in the ground, quite stringent requirements are imposed on the strength of the pipes. The release is being laid:

Cast iron pipe (including ductile iron pipe - high-strength cast iron with nodular graphite);
An orange PVC pipe designed for outdoor use and with high ring rigidity.

Problems

With regard to the areas of responsibility in relation to the outlet, the situation is quite complicated: its blockages are cleared by employees of the housing department or the management company, repairs and replacements are carried out by them; however, damage to the outlet due to subsidence of the well walls must be repaired by Gorvodokanal.

Who should repair the riser?

It is worth figuring out who should repair and replace the sewer riser in an apartment when it wears out. For example, if a cast iron bell began to crumble or an ear fell off under the inspection cover.

Resolution No. 354 of the Government of the Russian Federation in paragraph 5 provides a list of elements of the sewer system that relate to the common property of the residents of the house:

sewer outlets;
risers and branches from them to the first butt joint;
exhaust (exhaust) pipes;
revisions.

The common vertical pipe, that is, the riser and all its components are the elements of responsibility of the service company or housing organization, regardless of the type of housing ownership. That is, replacing the riser in the toilet must be carried out by a responsible organization. But there are some nuances here.

The service company may refuse to change the sewer riser in the toilet if the apartment residents have debts for water and pipeline maintenance. But the organization is obliged to carry out sewer repair work if there is a risk of flooding neighboring apartments with sewage. In this case, the management company can eliminate the defect using a tee or a cross of a smooth pipe, plugging the outlet for the debtor’s apartment.

If residents previously independently repaired or replaced elements of the general sewer system, then in the event of an accident in this area, all consequences fall on the shoulders of the homeowners. If the commission comes to the conclusion that the accident occurred due to wear and tear of the pipeline, then all costs will be borne by the responsible organization.

Any blockage of the sewer riser is a problem for the management company, since this element of the system belongs to common property. Even if a traffic jam occurs between the top and next floors, it is definitely impossible to prove that the owner of the upper apartment is the culprit of the blockage. After all, a vent on the roof is accessible to everyone.

Repairs to the drainage system, well and other elements of the sewer system located in the basement are carried out by the housing office.

Therefore, if problems arise with elements of common property, it would be correct to contact the appropriate organization, which should resolve the issue.

Cleaning methods

When your drain becomes clogged, you should call utility services immediately. Among them there are private, paid ones, which guarantee a high speed of solving the problem. If the blockage is small, you can remove it yourself using several methods:

Hydrodynamic cleaning is one of the most effective, in which deposits are washed away with high pressure of water. For this purpose, special units are used that create pressure up to 200 bar. This installation is capable of removing even old fat layers, firmly stuck debris, scale and dirt.
Mechanical cleaning - the use of various tools to remove blockages, such as steel wire, cable, spirals.
Pneumatic cleaning is a blow of compressed air at high speed, as a result of which the garbage plug is torn into small particles and washed out of the sewer.
Chemical cleaning is carried out by using various chemicals to break down dirt. You can do it at home by pouring or pouring the product into the clogged pipe.
You can prepare cleaning products yourself from available ingredients. These can be saline, soda solutions, citric acid, Coca-Cola and more. In serious cases, when wastewater is gushing out of the toilet or washbasin at exorbitant rates, they may turn out to be ineffective, but they will cope with minor contaminants.

Causes and symptoms of clogged vertical riser

Unlike devices such as PVC sewer pipes for internal sewerage, in order to clog a vertical riser you need to try. Much more often, debris accumulates in pipes and siphons; cleaning sewer pipes with soda and vinegar helps here. But if your downstairs neighbors have fecal matter pouring out of the toilet or it is rising up, then you need to clean the riser.

You can understand that you need to clean the sewer riser very simply:

Neighbors on the top floors have water accumulating in their plumbing fixtures.
The neighbors below have sewage sewage from the neighbors above pouring out of the toilet.

These are the two main symptoms of clogs.

Causes of clogged sewer riser:

The first reason is a design error.

For example, the installation of the structure was carried out with a slight slope or with a counter-slope, which stimulates the accumulation of sewage drains, grease and debris on the internal walls of the pipeline and causes the appearance of growths.

It is also possible that a house or building has subsided and the pipes, as a result, have changed the base slope.

The lack of a drainage system can also affect the formation of blockages. If a sewer pipe is not installed in a private house, then no air enters the system, which reduces the rate of water drainage.

The second reason is improper operation of the device.

Most often, a sewer riser leaks due to objects getting into it that should not go into the sewer. This could be underwear, a floor rag, a bottle, construction waste, etc.

The device, principle of operation, installation of the Deca septic tank can be found here

The device, principle of operation, installation of the Topol septic tank can be found on this page

Methods for cleaning a sewer riser

Cleaning sewer risers is carried out in several ways:

If the blockage is due to a design error, you need to first dismantle the sewer. Next, clean the pipes and lay them at the desired slope. The slope must be at least 2 cm for every 1 m of the network. Install a check valve if it is impossible to eliminate the counter-slope or set the correct slope in the structure.
If there is no drain pipe, we recommend that you install one. If this issue causes a problem, install a check valve.
If an extra object gets into the device, then you will need to clean the sewer risers with special shaped parts (revisions for cleaning risers, oblique tees, bends with plugs, straight tees with plugs).

Cleaning a sewer riser in a multi-storey building

Cleaning is carried out using inspections, which are installed on the first and last floors, as well as in high-rise buildings every three floors.

If the sewer riser between floors is leaking, then you need to find the location of the inspection on the floors above your apartment, since cleaning will be carried out through it. When you find it, you will need to break through the riser using a steel cable. This tool will help in case of minor blockage.

Feed the steel cable into the fan pipe of the structure.
Push the tool down.
Go through the ceiling, then you will find yourself in the device itself.
Below the outlet there will be a blockage. You will feel an obstacle.
Twist the wire through, this will break through the blockage.
Flush the system with water using a hose. If water does not come out of the drain holes, but is directed into the system, the blockage has been eliminated.

Most often, cleaning the device in high-rise buildings is not done independently, but with the help of plumbers. The cable can also be directed into the system through a ventilation pipe on the roof of the house.

If the blockage is large enough, part of the structure will have to be dismantled.

The device, principle of operation, installation of the Topas septic tank can be found here

The device, principle of operation, installation of the Biozon septic tank can be found on this page

Norms and rules for drain and sewer care

The main goal of preventive sewer maintenance work is to ensure safe and uninterrupted operation. The failure of the sewer system threatens problems not only for one individual apartment, but for the entire house as a whole.

For this purpose, special norms and rules have been developed, which are recommended to be complied with:

When installing new pipes, a certain hole diameter must be observed. Pipes that are too narrow may not be able to cope with constantly incoming debris and quickly fail;
the sewer pipe must be laid at a certain angle, which ensures natural drainage of sewage, preventing it from stagnating at one point;
household appliances connected to the public sewer system must be used for their intended purpose.

Failure to comply with this condition may result in serious blockages;

all preventive work aimed at cleaning the main components of the sewer system must be carried out on time and in full;
drain holes located in kitchen sinks, bathtubs or showers are equipped with protective nets to prevent debris from entering the pipe;
It is strictly forbidden to engage in independent redevelopment and relocation of sewer pipes. If there is a need for redevelopment, contact the housing organization for permission.

Try to carefully inspect mopping buckets when flushing them down the toilet. Many owners forget to remove the floor rag, which clogs the pipe. Avoiding such a blockage is as easy as shelling pears; all you need to do is show a little care, but getting rid of it is much more difficult.

Housing departments refuse to clean the sewer riser

Do you have an HOA or housing cooperative? - then go to the chairman - fight together - terminate the contract, etc.

d. If not, the local government chose the Criminal Code for you at an auction - write a complaint (2 copies - one for you) to the local government with a demand to call the Criminal Code to order and give you a copy of the state order for the court.

In writing - to the DEZ, GUIS, Housing Inspectorate, Prosecutor's Office. A statement to the police (always in writing!) with a demand to bring to the adm.

responsibility of the Criminal Code under Articles 7.22 and 7.23 of the Code of Administrative Offenses of the Russian Federation - and go “getting” the police and complain in writing above - no one wants to do anything Article 7.22.

Violation of the rules for the maintenance and repair of residential buildings and (or) residential premises Violation by persons responsible for the maintenance of residential buildings and (or) residential premises of the rules for the maintenance and repair of residential buildings and (or) residential premises. shall entail the imposition of an administrative fine on officials in the amount of four thousand to five thousand rubles; for legal entities - from forty thousand to fifty thousand rubles.

Article 7.23. Violation of standards for providing the population with utility services Violation of the standard level or regime for providing the population with utility services - entails the imposition of an administrative fine on officials in the amount of five hundred to one thousand rubles; for legal entities - from five thousand to ten thousand rubles. PP No. 354 dated 05/06/2011 , GOST R 51617-2000 Appendix to the order of the Department of Housing and Communal Services and Improvement of the City of Moscow dated October 31, 2012 N 05-14-427/2 REGULATIONS FOR WORK ON THE MAINTENANCE AND CURRENT REPAIR OF COMMON PROPERTY IN AN APARTMENT BUILDING (as amended.

order of the Moscow Housing and Public Administration No. 05-14-57/3 dated 03/04/2013) (if you are not in Moscow, look for an analogue) And this is for the requirement of overhaul from the authorities: Federal Law No. 1541-1 of July 4, 1991.

Article 16. Privatization of residential premises occupied by citizens in houses requiring major repairs is carried out in accordance with this Law.

At the same time, the former landlord retains the obligation to carry out major repairs of the house in accordance with the standards for the maintenance, operation and repair of the housing stock.

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« Reply #1: 31 July 2015, 14:08:54 » Usually this matter is washed out with hot water by pushing a hose from the basement; kitchen risers usually become overgrown with grease. But the main work will still have to be done on the 7th and 8th floors, to clear the 8th floor from the basement with a cable, I have never even heard of such sadomasochism.

If there is no blockage below, and this can be checked by pouring water, then there is no point in calling the residents. Another thing is that if the blockage is mechanical, it may get stuck lower down the riser. I recommend encouraging employees and I think things will go faster

The general sewer system in the house is clogged.

How long does it take for the management company to respond to the call?

No. 170 (https://base.garant.ru/12132859/) established deadlines for troubleshooting when performing unscheduled (unforeseen) routine repairs of individual parts of residential buildings and their equipment.

Emergency malfunctions of pipelines and their connections (with fittings, fittings and devices for water supply, sewerage, hot water supply, central heating, gas equipment) must be eliminated immediately. The rules and regulations contained in this resolution are mandatory for execution by executive authorities of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation, authorities state control and supervision, local government bodies, management organizations.

Blockages

Blockages are the number one problem caused by sewer systems, both in terms of quantity and the damage they cause. If there are blockages in the basement, not only the technical basement itself can suffer, but also the apartments on the lower floors.

What is especially unpleasant is that with the sewerage system backed up from below, these apartments begin to flood the drains of all their neighbors along the riser.

A clog in the basement is a disaster for first floor residents

Symptoms

Wastewater begins to flow into the first floor apartment through the toilet, bathtub outlet and leaky siphon connections to the comb. If there are open pipes or revisions in the basement, the drains drown the basement.

It’s curious: residents of lower floors often deliberately open tees and revisions to prevent periodic flooding.

A hole punched in the plug will prevent drains from flooding the lower floor apartments if clogged.

Causes

The author will describe only those causes of blockages that he personally encountered. Here they are:

Fat plugs . Grease washed down the drain when washing dishes inevitably settles on the walls of the pipes as the wastewater cools. Over time, viscous fat reduces the throughput of the bed to a minimum;

Fat is the main cause of blockages

It’s interesting: fat plugs most often form either in areas with a minimum slope (and, accordingly, a minimum speed of movement of wastewater), or in the coldest sections of pipes (in an outlet laid in the ground to a well).

Sand and other litter from cat litter boxes . They again accumulate in areas with minimal slope;
Construction waste (pieces of plaster, lime, etc.). The most difficult blockages are created by the remains of building mixtures poured into the toilet: to remove them, you usually have to open the toilet;
Rags, washcloths and sponges . A floor rag that floats down the toilet usually gets stuck in any narrow place (for example, in a gap left when a fat plug forms) or clings to uneven pipe walls (sockets, burrs, chips);

The cause of the blockage is a metal sponge for washing dishes.

Large food waste;
Suddenly - dead pets . A dead hamster flushed down the toilet is capable of cruelly taking revenge for such a disrespectful repose by creating a serious blockage.

Solutions

The first step when there is a suspected blockage in the basement is to check the condition of the yard drainage system. To do this, you need to lift the lid of the well closest to the problem area. It can often be found by the inscription on the wall of the house: for example, the mark “KK 8” indicates that the sewer well is located 8 meters from the wall directly opposite the mark.

If the well is filled with waste, the reason is a blockage in the wells located closer to the collector. In this case, the application is transferred to the emergency service of the local Vodokanal.

A full well indicates a clogged yard drain.

If the well is empty, the blockage originated within the house.

The blockage of the riser at the connection to the drainage pipe, the drainage pipe at the connection to the outlet, or the outlet to the well is cleared with steel sewer wire (in the case of a cast iron sewer) - or a cable (in the case of less durable plastic pipes) through the nearest tee or revision above the blockage.

Tool for cleaning cast iron drains

For plastic pipes it is better to use a softer cable

We emphasize again: higher.

Why is it not worth clearing the blockage through the lower revision?

Because at the moment of destruction of the plug in the riser or drainage pipe, sewage with a pressure of several meters begins to flow to the opened inspection. They have a persistent smell and unique color, cover all objects around with an even layer and do not know pity.

The outlet to the well should not be cleaned from bottom to top for another reason. The fact is that methane often accumulates in wells. This gas is odorless and is not toxic in itself; however, it displaces breathable air from the well. After descending into a methane-filled well, a person loses consciousness due to a drop in oxygen levels in the blood within tens of seconds and quickly dies from suffocation.

Due to the accumulation of methane in wells, dozens of people die every year

How to clear a clog:

The end of the wire or cable is fed through the socket or revision to the blockage while simultaneously rotating the handle. In this case, the cable or wire must be tensioned - otherwise they will fold into loops;
After the water that has filled the pipes has left, the wire or cable is removed by continuous rotation in the same direction as when cleaning. If there is a rag wrapped around the hook of the tool, it is important to prevent it from floating down the drain, where it could create a new clog;
After removing the cause of the blockage, it is advisable to clean the problem area again in order to remove, if possible, any remaining fatty deposits and debris remaining at the bottom of the pipe.

Clearing clogged drains

A special case

The biggest problems are caused by bottles and cans that get into the riser through the ventilation outlet onto the roof. They clog the riser at the connection to the bed, and for obvious reasons cannot be cleaned with wire.

Such blockages are broken through... with an ordinary crowbar lowered into the riser from the roof; In this case, it is important not to break through the outlet at the riser connection.

Clearing a clogged drain from a flat roof

Captain Obviousness suggests: in the case of a plastic sewer, it is enough to disassemble the socket connection and shake out the cause of the blockage from the outlet.

Prevention

How to avoid blockages?

Prevention includes only two points:

Periodic inspection of the sewer system for counter-slopes. If they arise due to deformation of plastic pipes, damage to hangers or for any other reason, the bed pipe is re-hung with a constant slope;

Counterclone guarantees periodic blockages

Please note: to avoid sagging of plastic pipes, they need to be fastened in increments of no more than 10 diameters (for a pipe with a diameter of 110 mm - no more than 1.1 meters).

Periodic flushing of sewerage. In a private house, it is enough to drain about a hundred liters of hot (at least 60-70 degrees) water through a washbasin or sink once every 2-3 months. In an apartment building, flushing the drainage system is carried out through a flushing hose connected to the nearest vent or plug on the hot water riser.

Hot water for flushing the bed can be taken from any dump in the hot water system

Housing and communal services. For free.

in staircases; cleaning and cleaning of the local area. The list of free services given above is stipulated by the contractual services specified in the agreement for the management of an apartment building concluded between residents and the management company, posted in the offices or on the website of the management company, are mandatory and are paid for monthly by paying a fee for the maintenance and repair of housing in the column called

Along with the free work stipulated in the agreement for the management of an apartment building concluded between the residents and the management company, there are also additional services provided by the management company, but for which (since management companies are commercial companies and therefore have the right to determine fees for work on market principles) the residents are obliged to pay. For example, plumbing fixtures whose service life has not yet expired.

Who is responsible for the flooding of the basement of the apartment building?

The act must necessarily contain information about who exactly is the potential culprit for flooding the basement of an apartment building - the tenant of the first floor of the building, the management company, the repair office. It is in his name that all claims are sent, and it is this person who is responsible for the consequences of his actions. In the event of a peaceful settlement of the issue, the guilty party, which is usually the management company, has two ways to restore property:

carrying out repairs using your own efforts;
payment of financial compensation.

Attention
If peaceful negotiations do not lead to anything, the injured party has the right to file a claim in court, attaching a certificate of ownership, an extract from the Unified State Register, an act, a conclusion of an appraisal or management company, and receipts for payment of the duty. According to Art. 1064 of the Civil Code of the Russian Federation, compensation for damage is carried out in full.