Chainsaw Ural: Features, characteristics, adjustment

Manufacturing plant

The Ural Electron chainsaw was produced by the Perm plant named after. Dzerzhinsky for more than half a century from 1955 to 2008. The Perm Defense Industry Plant produced various products for the needs of the Soviet army, and initially Ural chain saws were produced for the needs of the SA (Soviet Army).

Over the entire period, more than 14 million Ural Electron chain saws were produced. In those years, the logging industry in the country was developing by leaps and bounds.

It’s interesting that, according to experts, about 70% of the forest felled with chain saws comes from the Ural Electron model.

How to adjust the carburetor

The Ural-2T-Electron chainsaw is equipped with a KMP-100U carburetor, which includes:

• frame;
• diffuser;
• inlet, outlet and check valves;
• fuel channel;
• low and full throttle screws;
• pump and regulator cavities;
• button;
• springs;
• throttle and starting valves.

Before starting the chain saw, you need to keep it with a full tank of fuel for at least four hours so that the carburetor membrane acquires the required qualities.

When switching from the tool break-in mode to a normal fuel mixture, the carburetor must be adjusted by changing the position of the jets using three screws:

• for adjusting high speeds;
• for adjusting the low speed jet;
• idle move.

Rotating these screws changes the speed of the chain rotation and also adjusts the throttle fuel/air ratio. If the mixture is rich, smoke comes out of the muffler; if the mixture is poor, the saw squeals.

Purpose

In the USSR, 2 models of chainsaws were mass-produced - the Ural and Druzhba, and there was also the Parma electric saw. The Druzhba model was planned for small farms and was a “folk” product, and the Ural model was positioned as a professional-level tool intended for logging on an industrial scale.

Although in general these two saws are very similar, the Ural, as a more professional tool, has the ability to rotate the blade to a horizontal position in order to cut down a tree trunk while standing and not put so much strain on the operator’s back.

The use of the Urals in everyday life or at work greatly facilitates the already physically difficult work of loggers. This chainsaw can not only cut down trees, but also use it as an assistant in construction and household work, dismantling, bucking, and sawing firewood.

Description and areas of application of the Ural BP 3800 saw

A distinctive feature of this chainsaw is its compactness and light weight. It is capable of performing a number of tasks such as preparing timber before construction, cutting down small and medium-sized trees, and felling small trees in the forest.

Among its characteristics are:

• Cylinder volume – 47.1 cm3;
• Model power – 3800 W or 5.03 l. With.;
• Fuel tank capacity – 620 ml;
• Oil tank capacity – 255 ml;
• Model chain pitch – 3/8;
• Effective work with tires 35–45 cm long;
• Total weight – 6.9 kg.

Bar and chain

The Ural Electron 2 chainsaw has a guide bar of 460 millimeters. It comes with a chain as standard. It is removable and is removed during long-term storage or preservation of equipment.

Since chain links stretch during operation, this is a natural process, it is necessary to periodically monitor its tension, in other words, adjust it. The new chain stretches more strongly.

An excellent choice for this chainsaw would be the MI-10.26.16 Strong chain.

After long-term use, the chain requires sharpening. For manual sharpening, a round file in the shape of a cylinder with a diameter of 5-7 mm is suitable. When sharpening, there is no need to remove the chain; it is enough to increase the tension and sharpen “in place.”

Specifications

• two-stroke engine with one cylinder;
• motor power 3.67 kW or 5.5 horsepower;
• crankshaft rotation speed – 16200 per minute;
• fuel consumption - 632 g/kW*h;
• cylinder diameter in the engine – 55 mm;
• fuel tank capacity - 1.6 liters;
• lubricant capacity - 0.24 liters;
• guide bar length – 460 mm;
• number of links of a standard chain – 64 pcs;
• groove width – 1.6 mm;
• useful length of the sawing apparatus – 460 mm;
• overall dimensions - 46x46x88 cm;
• weight – 11.7 kg.

It is necessary to carry out timely running-in of the engine for long-term and reliable operation. The initial start of the engine must be done at idle speed without load, that is, without using a saw for cutting. Moreover, use an enriched composition of the fuel mixture.

For break-in, it is enough to use up four tanks of fuel. Afterwards, you can start working, but using the same rich mixture. This will protect the engine from breakdowns, cylinder scuffing and will allow all moving parts to run in better.

How much horsepower and engine power

The Ural 2 Electron chain saw is a professional-level tool. Engine power after the recommended 24-hour break-in is 5.5 horsepower. This is the equivalent of 4.05 kW, which is a very good power indicator. Therefore, owners of such saws often convert the chainsaw motor into a boat motor.

Structural properties

The design of the saw depends on the model; early versions of the Ural 2T equipment consisted of a power frame to which the engine crankcase and bevel gear were attached. Damping pads are provided at the engine mounting points to reduce vibration. Subsequent models are not equipped with a frame; the outer lining of the housing is made of impact-resistant plastic and is attached to the engine crankcase. Mounted on the crankshaft is a flywheel-fan combination that draws air through the finned cylinder and head. The cooling intensity depends on the speed.

To control the rotation speed, a trigger switch or regulator located on the handles is used. The design of the tool includes an ignition switch; a separate lever is used to enrich the mixture at start-up. After the engine warms up, the damper closes, adjusting the mixture composition to a normal value.

There is a plunger oil pump on the gear housing that supplies lubricant to the chain. The performance of the pump depends on the crankshaft speed. The design of the saw includes a steel toothed stop, which is used when felling trees or sawing logs. To tension the chain, a screw mechanism of a unified design is used.

Advantages

The main advantages of the Ural Electron 2 chainsaw include:

• high power among competing chainsaws;
• simple adjustment of the tool after final assembly out of the box, which the average man can handle;
• the presence of detailed operating instructions with detailed diagrams of all components and the structure of the motor;
• excellent cut and cutting quality;
• moderate fuel-oil mixture consumption for its class;
• comfortable grip for felling trees while standing, due to the upper position of the handles;
• “indestructible” motor with a huge resource due to the use of high-quality and high-strength parts;
• endurance to heavy loads;
• the rotating gearbox allows you to move the saw bar to a horizontal position, making it convenient to hold the saw with a straight back;
• easy to adjust chain tension;
• the engine can operate with low quality fuel;
• cheap spare parts.

When working on the Ural Electron 2 model, the developers were tasked with developing a chainsaw that could be used in any climate and in various weather conditions without loss of power or reduction in cutting quality.

The engineering and design staff coped with their task. The device was made of materials of increased strength, which made it possible to use the saw in environments with high humidity, sand and at any temperature.

A review of the Ural Electron chainsaw produced in 1991 is done in the following video, which also shows how to start the tool:

Owner reviews

Konstantin, 32 years old, Perm

I purchased a saw model BP 3800 in 2014 for preparing firewood and trimming branches in the garden. After the purchase, I went through all the components and tightened the threaded connections, replaced the standard tire with a similar assembly from a Stihl tool. The advantage of the saw is a powerful engine that starts at low air temperatures. When purchasing, I expected more from a domestically produced product, but many Chinese components were used in the design of the tool. Parts constantly break down, there are no problems with purchasing spare parts.

Vladimir, 45 years old, Novosibirsk

I use a 2T saw with electronic ignition, released in the late 70s. The disadvantage of this tool is its heavy weight, which makes it difficult to carry and operate. The engine power is enough to fell trees with a diameter of 500-600 mm. The handles located on top allow you to cut down the tree close to the ground. There are no problems during operation; the tool requires refueling with fuel and oil; I adjust the gap between the spark plug electrodes every year.

Flaws

But, like every working tool, the Ural Electron 2 model also has disadvantages:

• heavy weight, when holding the saw with your hands, the latter quickly get tired during active work;
• the model is no longer produced by the manufacturer;
• overall massiveness of the device;
• in remote areas of the country there may be difficulties with spare parts.

In the Urals, developers have provided a vibration damping system, but even with its use it was not possible to reduce their level to completely safe values ​​and vibration during sawing is noticeably felt.

According to labor safety rules, a feller is recommended to use a chainsaw for no more than two hours a day; with longer use, the worker may develop occupational diseases.

What does Ural 2T Electron consist of?

The chainsaw consists of the main components:

• Motor;
• Starter unit;
• Start and stop button;
• Fuel hose;
• Gas tank with lubricating container;
• Control levers;
• Two sprockets (driven and driven);
• Handles;
• Muffler.

User manual

Many users prefer not to waste their time reading the instruction manual and immediately proceed to start up the chainsaw for the first time. If you manage to start the tool, then immediately begin sawing.

Such users often refer to their knowledge and many years of experience, this is not bad, but after purchasing a Ural 2 Electron chainsaw, it is still better to refresh your theoretical knowledge and read the necessary parts of the operating instructions. You can download the operating instructions for Ural Electron 2t in our instructions catalog.

Advantages and disadvantages of a chainsaw

A gasoline saw has one remarkable property that forces you to come to terms with the “cons” of the design. It allows you to easily carry out both longitudinal and cross cuts. In addition, the device is very reliable; high handles allow you to straighten your back while working.

On the other hand, this model is characterized by some disadvantages:

• the motor emits a lot of gases during operation, that is, the feller is forced to work in very gassy conditions;
• a more enriched type of fuel is used than on foreign-made devices;
• servicing the instrument requires a certain skill and experience;
• high fuel consumption;
• no chain brake.

The high demand for such equipment is due to its low cost. But most entrepreneurs prefer foreign models. That’s why the company stopped producing the Ural 2 T Electron chainsaw four years ago. However, sales of the devices are still ongoing.

First start

Algorithm for starting the chain saw engine:

1. Turn the ignition switch to the operating position.
2. Pump some gasoline into the carburetor, then pull out the choke.
3. Pull the recoil starter with a sharp and short movement, thereby starting the engine.

If you pull the starter slowly or jerkily, the engine will not be able to spin up enough for the spark plug to spark, but it is very easy to fill the head of the spark plug with gasoline during such movements. If this happens, you need to warm up the spark plug so that excess gasoline can evaporate.

Possible faults

Chainsaw owners sometimes face the following problems:

1. A poor-quality saw, the chain bites heavily into the wood, produces a lot of fine wood dust, and grinds the wood down like a file. Reason: The chain is already dull; it needs to be sharpened or a new one used.
2. There is a strong knock of the motor, the saw rattles in the hands under load and intensive work. Reason: the carburetor is not properly adjusted.
3. Ural Electron stalls during active sawing or does not start at all. There are several possible reasons: the fuel mixture is of poor quality, the ignition system is faulty, you need to check the saw spark plug for carbon deposits or replace it with a fresh one.

One of the possible malfunctions inherent in the Ural Electron chainsaw is described in the following video:

Common faults and repairs of the Ural chainsaw

In general, the domestic instrument has proven to be quite reliable and easy to maintain. However, it is also susceptible to breakdowns, which are mainly due to improper use of the saw.

Many beginners often do not know how to start a Ural chainsaw. This is quite easy to do. To do this, follow the specified algorithm:

1. fill in fuel and oil to lubricate the chain, then press the primer several times to pump gasoline;
2. then move the throttle lever to the closed position and pull the starter cable;
3. after the characteristic sound appears, switch the throttle lever to the middle position;
4. Start the chainsaw again and let it run for about 15 seconds. After this, move the throttle lever to the very bottom and press the gas lever to release the throttle. Then you can continue working with the chainsaw;
5. If, after all the procedures performed, the saw heats up and stalls, then you need to press the primer several more times to pump up the fuel.

Next, you need to figure out how to properly break in a new Ural chainsaw? To do this, the large tank of the unit is filled with gasoline mixed with oil, and lubricant is poured into a separate tank for oil. After this, the chainsaw should be started and run for at least 10 minutes. Then you need to turn off the engine and repeat the procedure. It should take one full tank of fuel to fully break in the tool.

If you ignore the break-in procedure, you will notice that your saw starts and stalls immediately after starting - the reason for this lies in the engine and carburetor that are not prepared for operation. This is precisely why the saw manufacturer advises running it in.

Often saw owners are faced with a problem in which they hear a ringing knock from the engine at idle - in this case, the Ural chainsaw can be repaired quite simply. To do this, you need to inspect the cylinder - it was probably damaged during a reverse impact. The malfunction can be eliminated by aligning the cylinder walls. If it cannot be repaired and the saw does not start, you will have to buy a new cylinder.

Next you need to learn how to adjust the carburetor on a Ural chainsaw? To do this, you need to start the tool and turn the screw responsible for the idle operation of the saw. Turning the screw clockwise will increase the engine speed, and counterclockwise will decrease it. The Ural chainsaw carburetor should be adjusted after every 25 fuel tanks used.

If during cleaning you notice that there is no spark, then the adjustment procedure must be performed at the moment a breakdown is detected. The next important question is how to set the ignition on the Ural chainsaw. To do this you need to act in this order:

1. Start the engine and warm it up at low speeds;
2. Set the most stable turns of the tire without the chain moving along it;
3. After this, set the minimum speed;
4. Press the gas lever sharply. If the engine speed instantly increases, it means the ignition is set correctly.

A very common question for beginners is whether a Ural chainsaw can be filled with 92 gasoline? The manufacturer recommends using 80-grade gasoline, so AI-92 fuel is not suitable for operating the tool. Because of this, the question of how to convert a Ural saw to 92 gasoline is becoming one of the most asked. To solve this problem, the chainsaw will need to be equipped with new valves and a piston. You can purchase them at any auto parts store. After replacement, you can confidently fill in 92nd fuel without worrying about premature engine wear.

Carburetor settings

When leaving the factory, the initial carburetor adjustment has already been made. These characteristics are maintained for quite a long time when the chainsaw is operating. If they are out of order or you need to reconfigure the chainsaw to a different operating mode, you will need a set of keys and a screwdriver.

We recommend reading a useful article about setting up the carburetor on the Ural 2 Electron chainsaw; it covers the most important issues, from the device to troubleshooting.

You can watch a detailed video on this topic here:

What can be made from a Ural chainsaw - learning from folk craftsmen

Surely every owner of a domestic tool has tried to make some kind of homemade product from a Ural chainsaw. This is much easier to do than it seems, because the saw has a simple design and high power. Below we will look at the features of making the most popular homemade products, which will undoubtedly be useful in the household. The simplest and most useful products include:

• 
  The Ural chainsaw tricycle is an interesting vehicle that can be used for walking or mushroom hunting. Power from the motor to the wheels in this design is transmitted using a chain that can be “borrowed” from an old bicycle. In addition to the motor and chain, you will need a frame, which can be welded from old pieces of reinforcement. Three wheels are attached to the frame - one in front and two in the back. A steering wheel is attached to the front, which serves as the main control. Craftsmen use the same principle to make a moped. The only difference is that it moves on two wheels;

• 
  A chainsaw sawmill is made using a guide along which a frame with a rigidly fixed chainsaw moves. If you equip this structure with 4 lifting fasteners, then you will be able to fix the thickness of the timber that you are sawing. A homemade sawmill is one of the simplest and most useful products, the creation of which even beginners can do;

• A boat motor will become an indispensable attribute for fishing enthusiasts. The main task of the saw owner is to transfer the torque of the motor to the propeller, which will drive the boat. To do this, you will have to make a durable adapter that will be installed between the drive gear of the saw and the propeller shaft;

• 
  A snowmobile made from a chainsaw is a more complex device, since you will need to connect the clutch and gas to its steering wheel, as well as make a shock-absorbing suspension for the supporting frame. In order to increase traction, it is necessary to install a gear on the drive shaft that would have a diameter larger than the diameter of the drive sprocket saws. Having done this, the homemade unit will become more passable, and it can be used in areas with different thicknesses of snow cover;

• A motor drill will help prepare holes during the construction of a pile foundation and will become an indispensable assistant during winter fishing. Since this device is operated at low speeds, in order to adapt the saw motor it is necessary to use a worm gearbox and connect it to the auger;
• Karting is a small but quite nimble vehicle used on smooth asphalt roads with sharp turns. To make it, you will need to weld a strong frame and secure the driver’s seat in it. The steering wheel can be taken from any VAZ car and connected to the front wheels through the drive sprocket. The rear wheels will be driven elements, so there is no need to connect the steering to them. To complete the design, you will need a simple exhaust system with a pipe and a screen to protect the driver from processed gases.

As you can see, there are quite a few options for using a chainsaw. This allows you to effectively use the tool not only for its intended purpose, but also to solve other business problems.

Comparison with Friendship

Ural and Druzhba are very similar and were produced at the same enterprise, but they still have differences:

• The Ural is more powerful, 5.5 horses versus 4 for Druzhba;
• The Friendship chainsaw is 1.2 kg heavier;
• The Ural drive allows you to rotate the saw bar 90 degrees for easier work when felling trees;
• The Ural handles are placed on top, this allows you to work for a long time in heavy snow and creates less stress on the feller’s back;
• The Urals have a chain lubrication system when sawing, which significantly extends the service life of the saw;
• The hydraulic wedge is included in the standard kit of the Ural Electron 2 saw; it allows you to fell trees in a given direction.

Everything for chainsaw repair: starter, muffler, clutch and engine

The high load to which the Druzhba and Ural chainsaws are subjected is the reason for the high demand for replacement parts. For repairs and preventative maintenance, the following are especially in demand:

• starter;
• muffler;
• clutch;
• engine;
• carburetor;
• chains.

Unfortunately, most of the listed chainsaw parts cannot be repaired, but require complete replacement. If your activity is related to wood processing and regular use of Ural or Druzhba chainsaws, then cooperation with a specialized online store on an ongoing basis is simply necessary for you.

Reviews of the Ural Electron 2 chainsaw

Yuri Litvinov, Kaluga, private developer, saw in use for more than 15 years.

Advantages: Very powerful compared to modern Chinese-made chainsaws. A simple design, but at the same time very maintainable. It works long hours in the forest, doesn’t stall or lose speed at any temperature, it doesn’t matter whether it’s summer or winter.

Disadvantages: Quite strong vibration and heavy weight, but you have to put up with this, because all the parts are made of metal and there is no doubt about their quality.

Ilya Stepanov, Irkutsk, owner of a peasant farm, operating the saw for 12 years.

Advantages: Comfortable horn handles located on top. A rotating gearbox that turns the saw bar. It is very convenient to cut in winter when there is a layer of snow. Unpretentious to the type of fuel and oil. Powerful and there is practically nothing in the design to break, cheap spare parts.

Disadvantages: Sometimes the candles burn out, you have to buy new ones. Perhaps the problem is an incorrectly configured carburetor, because no one has adjusted it since the moment of purchase, which is more than 11 years.

Main features of the Ural chainsaw

The Ural chainsaw appeared in 1935. Since then, it has become widespread in the USSR, and after its collapse - in the CIS countries. Subsequently, the manufacturer made a number of improvements to the design of this tool. The new model, made of high-strength materials, is called the Ural-2T-Electron chainsaw . It is designed for use in harsh conditions in any season of the year at extremely low and high temperatures. Using a Ural chainsaw, large trees are felled and sawed. It consists of the following main nodes:

• motor;
• clutch;
• saw unit;
• frame with handles;
• engine starting system.

The tool is mobile and standalone. Although it is equipped with a vibration damping system, the vibration during operation of the chain saw is still high. For this reason, forest fellers are instructed to use the Ural chainsaw no longer than one and a half hours a day. This measure helps prevent the development of occupational diseases caused by harmful working conditions.

In addition, this device is inferior to imported equipment in the following respects:

• the Ural chainsaw engine operates with increased gas generation, so that the operator is forced to remain in a gas-filled environment for a long time;
• servicing the device requires experience and skill;
• there is no chain brake;
• the device uses a mixture enriched with oil twice as strong as compared to foreign gas-powered tools;
• increased fuel consumption.

At the same time, the Ural chainsaw has a number of advantages that allow it to compete with imported models:

• reliability;
• the ability to easily carry out both longitudinal and cross cuts;
• high handles allowing you to work at full height without bending over;
• low cost.