In a house built in the city, the best option for solving the issue of sewerage drainage is to connect to the city network. You will have to issue permits and order a communications project, but the time spent is worth forgetting about drainage maintenance for several decades. If there is no branch of the central pipeline nearby, or the main line is in disrepair, you will have to equip an autonomous reservoir for wastewater: an anaerobic septic tank or a combined station.
Possible designs
Autonomous volatile structures
In autonomous energy-dependent structures, in order to maintain the activity of microflora, a constant air flow must be ensured by installed compressors
In autonomous energy-dependent structures, the decomposition of wastewater is carried out thanks to the vital activity of aerobic bacteria purchased in specialized stores.
To maintain microflora activity, a constant air flow must be ensured by installed compressors. As a result, the pollution is decomposed into 3 components: insoluble sediments, clean liquid and biogases escaping through ventilation.
Advantages:
- speed of processing;
- high degree of purification – 98%;
- easy operation.
Minuses:
- design complexity;
- high cost;
- operating costs for electricity.
Anaerobic structures
Wastewater is purified using existing microflora, which does not require oxygen.
Advantages:
- energy independence;
- simplicity of the device.
Minuses:
- low degree of purification;
- The cycle duration is longer.
Septic tanks with soil filtration from two or three sections are characterized by simple design, autonomy, and relatively low cost
Storage structures
A type of cesspool, from which wastewater is removed using a sewer machine. But such a device has a bottom and walls that are carefully waterproofed and prevent contamination from entering the soil.
Advantages:
- affordable price;
- simple design;
- no operating costs.
Minuses:
- lack of cleaning procedure;
- the possibility of an unpleasant odor;
- frequent costs for special vehicle services.
Designs with mechanical cleaning principles - sedimentation and filtration. To increase the efficiency of their work, several sequential cameras are installed. The purity of the outgoing water, which is drained into the ground, will depend on their quantity.
To increase the efficiency of storage septic tanks, several sequential chambers are installed
Which bacteria to choose for a septic tank?
If we talk about the advantages of choice, then these are, of course, bioactivators. Their universal properties allow them to be used in cesspools and septic tanks without restrictions. The advantages of drugs that distinguish them favorably from others include:
- resistance to household chemicals;
- ability to recycle certain fibers, such as cardboard and paper;
- fast waste processing times;
- elimination of unpleasant odors;
- reduction of solid sediment by 70-80%;
- special types of bioactivators fight pathogenic bacteria;
- low consumption - one tablet of the product is enough for a cubic meter of fecal matter.
It is worth noting that the minimum amount of solid sediment that accumulates over time allows you to delay cleaning the septic tank - remove waste every 2 years. When choosing a biological product for a cesspool and septic tank, you need to pay attention to its type. The drugs have a certain classification. Starting varieties - used when putting a new or long-unused facility into operation. Enhanced action preparations are used for severely contaminated sewers where it is necessary to activate the work of bacteria. You can use such products for a short time - up to 3 weeks. Bioactivators for special conditions are used to combat certain types of contaminants - for example, soap residue or fatty deposits.
Choosing the best option
Before choosing the best septic model, you must:
- Make an estimate of the average daily volume of wastewater , which depends on the number of residents and the availability of sanitary equipment.
- Make an assessment of the soil composition and the level of location of underground sources to determine the possibility and feasibility of constructing filtration fields.
- Determine the purpose of housing - permanent or periodic.
- Calculation of funds for the installation of a sewerage system on the site.
Volume
According to sanitary rules, wastewater treatment equipment must freely accommodate the volume generated within 3 days, which will be affected by the number of people living in a private building. On average, 1 individual consumes 200 liters per day.
A calculation is made of water consumption for all residents for 3 days. Since the volume of a septic device is calculated in cubic meters, then 1 unit = 1000 liters. Devices with a volume of up to 1 cubic meter come standard with 1 compartment, sufficient for complete disinfection of wastewater; for volumes above 10 cubic meters, it is necessary to choose tanks with 3 sections.
Device material
- Plastic – characterized by lightness, durability and easy installation without the use of special equipment. The average service life is several decades. A peculiarity of the arrangement of a plastic structure is the need to anchor it or concrete it in order to avoid the floating of part of the tank. The choice will be affected by the thickness of the walls, the presence of stiffeners and the type of plastic.
- Concrete - characterized by simplicity, durability, strength, non-corrosion and heavy weight. Such a septic tank is installed in 2 ways: using ready-made concrete rings installed using special equipment, and pouring the concrete mixture into the assembled formwork and constructing the structure in stages.
- Metal ones are characterized by relative lightness, easy installation and affordable price. The downside is susceptibility to corrosion, and accordingly, a reduced service life.
Priming
Modern designs are equipped with an additional purification device - filtration fields. But to perform this cleaning procedure, there must be appropriate conditions at the site. Since, for example, clay soils have poor water permeability, which prevents the filtration of treated wastewater. Additionally, with high occurrence of underground sources, the construction of effective filtration fields becomes more complicated.
Therefore, the construction of a purification system with a filtration field is possible if suitable soil is available. The possibility of arranging soil filtration on clay soils will require the removal of part of the soil and replacement with a crushed stone-sand mixture. And this will increase the cost of installing a sewer system. It would be more rational to install a septic tank with a biofilter that carries out all stages of purification without additional output filtration.
Expenses
The most expensive device is the cleaning device, but it is the most economical to use, since correctly installed components will require a rare call to the vacuum cleaner. However, the choice of a septic tank depends on the conditions of its use. With good insulation, it is advisable to prefer an aerobic septic tank, whose price category starts from 60,000 rubles.
When studying the filtration system in a tank, the most popular are devices with a deep purification bioelement, whose capabilities allow you to filter wastewater by 98%. In this case, there is practically no need to call a vacuum cleaner; its price category is 500,000-600,000 rubles.
The price is also affected by the material of the cleaning container. If the tank is made of stainless steel, its price is 120,000-150,000 rubles, which is expensive, but its unpopular choice is explained by its susceptibility to corrosion due to exposure to aggressive substances, which can cause its rapid breakdown.
A concrete tank requires a lot of money and time, since its production can be done in two ways. The simplest: installing concrete rings using special equipment. Another way: performing formwork and pouring concrete in stages. The price will depend on the cost of the building materials used and the hiring of special equipment.
A plastic septic tank costs from 50,000 rubles and is light in weight, which allows you to install it yourself in a short period of time.
Another selection parameter is the performance of the treatment device, its ability to process certain volumes of wastewater. The volume of chambers and their number will be affected by water consumption.
For occasional residence, you should prefer the simplest and cheapest septic tank - a storage one, with a reservoir for collecting and storing wastewater. When it is full, it will require regular cleaning with a vacuum cleaner. For permanent residence, a storage septic tank is inconvenient due to the need for frequent cleaning of the tank. The solution is to purchase an overflow device with the ability to accumulate and purify wastewater.
If there is a large volume of wastewater due to the construction of a swimming pool or bathhouse, the option of a septic tank with aeration is optimal. The presence of an aerator is necessary to create conditions for the vital activity of bacteria, which contribute to the effective treatment of wastewater and increase the productivity of the device.
Cultivation of anaerobic organisms
One of the tasks of microbiology is the cultivation of anaerobic bacteria. To grow multicellular anaerobic organisms, a special microflora is required, as well as certain concentrations of metabolites. Cultivation is used in various studies, for example, in studies of parasites living in the human body.
There are special methods for growing anaerobes. They consist of replacing air with gas mixtures in sealed thermostats.
Another way would be to grow microorganisms in a nutrient medium to which reducing substances are added.
Nutrient media for anaerobic organisms
There are general nutrient media and differential diagnostic nutrient media . Common ones include the Wilson-Blair environment and the Kitt-Tarozzi environment. Differential diagnostic ones include Hiss's medium, Ressel's medium, Endo's medium, Ploskirev's medium and bismuth-sulfite agar.
The base for Wilson-Blair medium is agar-agar with the addition of glucose, sodium sulfite and ferrous chloride. Black colonies of anaerobes form mainly in the depths of the agar column.
Russell's medium is used to study the biochemical properties of bacteria such as Shigella and Salmonella. It also contains agar-agar and glucose.
Ploskirev's medium inhibits the growth of many microorganisms, so it is used for differential diagnostic purposes. In such an environment, pathogens of typhoid fever, dysentery and other pathogenic bacteria develop well.
The main purpose of bismuth sulfite agar is to isolate salmonella in its pure form. This environment is based on the ability of Salmonella to produce hydrogen sulfide. This environment is similar to the Wilson-Blair environment in terms of the methodology used.
Homemade or purchased
Advantages of the finished device:
- Easy to install - do it yourself or with the help of specialists, install it in a prepared pit.
- Connection to the sewer system and quick start of the system.
- No construction required.
The disadvantage is the high cost.
The construction of a homemade septic tank is carried out out of a desire to save money. The cleaning model is built from tires, concrete rings, and bricks. However, such a model is suitable for seasonal living. In addition, putting the structure into operation will require a lot of time. Therefore, the rational option is to purchase a ready-made device.
User reviews
We have Topas, which suits us in almost everything, but it is energy dependent and during a power outage, the use of a septic tank is prohibited and this equipment should not be left for more than 2 hours. At a new dacha, I prefer to install a Tank, which is non-volatile and much cheaper than Topas. When installing Topas, it is advisable to prefer models with forced ejection. For example, due to constant power outages, we purchased a generator. If Topas is not used, you will need to call specialists to temporarily freeze it. In addition, the use of preparations containing chlorine is not permitted. Sergey, Voronezh
Topas has been working for us for 7 years and constantly serves 3 people. Restrictions – avoidance of chemicals with chlorine, use only cellulose paper, pouring out mushroom decoctions is prohibited. This, in principle, applies to both aerobic and anaerobic purification devices. I like the Topas, but it requires maintenance once every 3 months, which requires certain skills and abilities. Volodya, Penza
I bought the Tank 2.5 installation and regretted it. The device was crushed and cracks appeared on its bottom along the length of the ribs due to the thickness of the case 3-5 mm. The device is poorly made. In the presence of sandy soil and a water depth of 1 m, the mounted device was filled 50% with water and backfilled. As a result, it required repeated dismantling, body repairs, installation back with the enclosing frame and uncertainty about its complete tightness. Ilya, Krasnodar
Contact us
If you have a house in MSC or a cottage in Mo without an autonomous sewer system, contact us. We will help you choose the best system option, deliver equipment and materials, and quickly carry out installation work. If you already have a sewerage system, but you are not satisfied with its functionality, you can buy an aerator for a septic tank and a compressor and order their installation from us. If necessary, we will provide advice on the type of aerator and compressor power.
- SEPTIC FOR 10 PEOPLE
- SEPTIC FOR SHOWER
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Blitz tips
- Septic tanks with a deep purification biofilter are recommended , which completely purify wastewater and do not require the construction of filtration fields.
- Devices with biofilters are recommended for permanent homes. Since the biomaterial needs a supply of nutrient medium, the absence of which can lead to its death.
- For a village or street, it is advisable to purchase a septic station with high-percentage filtration and the ability to discharge treated wastewater into a reservoir. For individual use, 2-chamber or 2-capacitance devices are recommended.
